( cxxix ) 



f Andamans. 



Besides these IIT species,* there are 45 which occur from India to Papuasia. 

 OdIv 26 s])ecies are peculiar to tlie area from Malacca to the Jloluccas, and of 

 these 0:c)jfimbuh/x semi/ervi'nft and Sataspes rihhei are doul)tfally distinct. Judging 

 I'rora the numlier of Papuan species described in this Revision, it is evident 

 tliat further explorations will add substantially to tlie list of 58 Sphimjidue 

 peculiar to the Papuan Region. Of the 45 species common to both Subregions, 

 no less than 15 have developed into a western and an eastern subspecies. The 

 genera restricted to Australia are T — namely, Livicomonia, Coenotes, Tefrac/woa, 

 Si/noech(i, Ilopliocnema, Meta»ii)nas, and Coequosa. Of Papuan origin are probaldy 

 also Cliromis and Angoiujx. It will lie seen from the above table that tiie 

 cosmopolitan genus Ilerse has its headi^narters in Papuasia, where 4 species 

 occur out of tlie 5 {comolcull is not in the list). It was originally most likely 

 Papuan, and took in Australia the place of the Indo- African genus Acherontiu. 

 Only llcrsa ronrohnli has wandered beyond the Papuan Subregion. The American 

 llcrse cinqiihilit. may be a development from eitlier conroIniU or ijodarti. Tiiere 

 is morphologically rather more evidence for (/oclarti than for cniicflh-uli lieing 

 the ancestor of riiujalata ; bnt geographically ronvohuli has the advantage, since 

 it does not require the construction of an Antarctic Continent to bring it into 

 geographical connection with the range of ciiKjulutd. 



The scarcity of indigenous species in the Malay Archipelago, from Malacca 

 to the Moluccas, and the i)ractical absence of genera restricted to these islands, 

 and, further, the extension of Papuan species towards the west, and of Indian 

 ones far towards the east, demonstrate that the Sphingid population lias come 

 to those islands by comimratively recent immigration from both sides. If we 

 call to mind the erratic distribution of Ci'phonodes //f//i/s, whicli is found (in tliree 

 subspecies) in the Aethiopian Region, in India, Oliina and Japan, and again 

 in Australia and on Flores ; of the two Oriental species of JVep/ieii', which occur in 

 India, Java, and Australia, of Celerio lineata, which inhabits Continental Asia and 

 Australia, but not the Archipelago; of the Spkingidkae, which are restricted to 

 * Eunjj)tc)-ii.v shclfordi described on p. 813 is not included in this number. 



i 



