( 20 ) 



p. 62(1870): Stiiint., I'mr. i:„l. Sac. Lmiil. p. 14(1870); Ileyl., Tijihrhr. Eiil. \m. \^. \i\',. 

 u. CCi (1870) (!$reilii) ; Thorpe, Eiiluin. v. p. 14:i (1871) (breediag) ; Lock., ibid. p. 458 (1871) ; 

 Brutt., /-■/■(/;/;■. (ii/iiui. Durpiit p. 23. n. 1 (1872); Moseley, Xalitir vi. p. 151. fig. (1872) 

 (sound) ; Christ., Stetl. Ent. Zeii. xxxiii. p. 21G (1892) (Deibent, 1. on ZiigoplnjUwic) ; Oorb., 

 EiUom.vi. p. 520 (1872) (hibern.) ; Girard, /.f. p. 192, 221 (1873) (cri) ; Christ., Ilor. Soc. 

 Ent. lioss. X. p. 31 (1873) (Gjas) ; Laboulb., Aim. Soc. Ent. Fi: p. 637 (1873) (cri) ; Siebke, 

 Eh. T>is. Non: iii. p. 22. n. 1 (1874); Weyenb., Tijdschr. Ent. xvii. p. 168 (1874) (sound, 

 1. & p.) ; Land., Julirh. Westj)h. Proc. Ver. IK/ss'. Kiinst p. 55 (1874) ; Boisd., Spec. Gen Uj,. 

 Hit. i. p. 5. n. 1 (1875) (Africa ; Asia e.i- err.) ; Roch., Pet. Noiiv. Ent. i. p. 472 (1875) (cri) ; 

 Oberth., Et. d'Ent. i. p. 31 (1876) (Oran ; Collo) ; Gasch., Ann. So,: Ent. France p. 509 (1876) 

 (migrat.) ; Swint., Ent. .Mo. Mafi. xiii. p. 217 (1877) (sound) ; Butl., Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. ix. 

 p. 598. n. 3 (1877) ; Sohoy., Nyt. Maz. Naturv. xxiv. p. 150 (1879) ; Dew., Mitth. Miinch. Ent. 

 Ver. iii. p. 20 (1879) (Chinchoxo) ; Kill., Juhrb. Nat. Ges. Graub. xxiii. p. 43 (1880) ; Marsh., 

 Scott. Nat. V. p. 3G (1880) ; Weiler, Progr. OherrmUch. Innshr. p. 15 (1880) ; Arnh., Sitz.-Brr. 

 Zool. Bot. Ges. Win,, xxix. p. 54. fig. (1880) ; Theden., Ent. Tid^kr. i. p. 197 (1880) (Suecia) : 

 id., I.e. ii. p. 105 (1881) ; Westw., iu Oates, MataheMd. p. 355 (1881) ; Const., Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 France p. 76 (1882) (Cannes) ; Auriv., Kongl. Sv. Vet. Ac. Handl. xix. 5. p. 131. n. 166 (1882) ; 

 Albr., Bull. Moscou p. 379 (1882) (Moskau) : Romanoff, Mem. Lip. i. p. 69 (1884) (Tiflis ; 

 Borjom ; Lagodekhi ; Lenkoran; Daghestan ; Helenendorf) ; Saalm., Lep. Madag . p. 129. 

 n. 300 (1884) ; Lampa, Ent. Tidskr. V. p. 26. n. 100 (1884) ; Sandb., ibid. vi. p. 194. n. 4. (1885) 

 (Sydvaranger) ; Poujade, Bull. Soc. Ent. Enmcc p. 165 (1885) (eclosion) ; Oberth., ibid. 

 p. 215 (1885) (Bretagne, abundant) ; Fallou, ibid. p. 226 (1885) (localit. in France) : Seriz., 

 Bull. Acad. d^Hippone xx. (Sep.). p. 9. n. 57 (1887) (Collo) ; Druce, in Moloney, West Afr. 

 Forestry p. 493. n. 12 (1887) (Gambia) ; Amel., Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. xxxi. p, 261 (1887) 

 (Dessau) ; Denfer, Bull. Soc. Ent. France p. 200 (1889) (cri, pupa) ; Mab., ibid. p. 234 (1889) 

 (Afr. ; Asie ex err.) ; Holl, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xvi. p. 67. n. 25 (1889) (Gaboon) ; Mina-Pal. 

 & Failla-Ted., Nat. Sic. vii. p. 41 (1889) ; Redlich, Ent. Zeit. Guben iii. p. 130 (1890) (sound) ; 

 Cuisine, Bidl. Soc. Ent. France p. 104 (1890) (aberrat.) ; Boise, ibid. p. 35 (1890) (cri de la pupa 

 avant eclos.) ; Baker, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lotul. p. 204 (1891) (Madeira) ; Vinson, Papill. Bourbon 

 p. 13(1891); T>iat., Natural. Transvaal p. 236 (1892) (Pretoria, IIL) ; White, Butt. Moths 

 Teneriffe p. 64. t. 4. f. 1 (1894) ; Barrett, Lrp. Brit. M. ii. p. 16 (1895) ; Holl., in Smith, 

 Uiikn. Coimtr. Afr. p. 412 (1897) (Somalild.) ; Aign., lllustr. Zeit.'^chr. Ent. iii. p. 337 (1898) ; 

 id., l.c. iv. p. 3. i77. 211. 289. 377. 356. cuts (1899) (sound prod, by stridul.) ; Vos, Tijdschr. 

 Ent. xli. p. 79 (1898) (Apeldoorn) ; Bartel, in Rlihl, Grossschm. ii. p. 17 (1899) ; Stand. A- 

 Reb., Cat. Lep. ed. iii. p. 98. n. 717 (1901) (p. parte). 



Atro2)os solum Oken, Lchrb. Naturg. iii. 1. p. 762. n. 1 (1815) ( = atropos). 



Spectrum alropos, Billberg, Enuni. Ins. p. 83 (1822) (Suecia). 



*Acherontia sculda Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 242 (1877) (" Borneo " err. loc. ;— Mus. Dublin) ; 

 Waterh., Aid Idenlif. Lis. ii. t. 141. f. 2 (1884). 



Sphijn.c atropos, Vogel, Schm. Cabinet i. p. 22. t. 6. f. 4. a. b. (1821). 



Brac.hyglossa atropos, Boisduval, Lid. Meth. p. 33 (1829) (v. ix.) ; id., Faune Madag. d; Bourb 

 p. 77 (1833) (Mad.; Bourbon ; Maurice); Cant., in Silberm., Revue Ent. i. p. 77 (1833) 

 (Dep. du Var, iv., ix.). ' 



Sphinx atropus (!), Swains. & Shuck., Hi.st. A An: Jns. p. 101 (1840). 



Sphijnx (Acherontiii) atropos, Heulz, Bull. Soc. Ent. France p. 7 (1887) (1. on Fraxinus). 



Acherontia atropos, Taschenberg, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. xxii. p. 520 (1863) (gynandrom.). 



Maiiduca sculda Kirby, Cat. Lip. Met. i. p. 700. n. 3 (1892) (" Borneo " e.t: err.). 



Manduca atropos, id., l.c. n. 4 (1892). 



c? ? . A decidedly Aethiojiiau insect, wliicli e.xteiids tar into tlie Palearctic 

 Region, being iu the more northern districts, however, a visitor only, which does 

 not survive the winter as a rule. It does not occur in the eastern countries of the 

 Palearctic Region (Japan, Amurland), nor in the Oriental Region, the eastern 

 insect, wliich many authors have confounded with atropos and recorded as such, 

 being in colour and structure i^uite distinct. In Siberia proper no representative 

 of Acherontia is found. 



The specimen oi Acherontia A&Bcnh^A. by Kirby as sew/f/ff, with the erroneous 

 habitat " Borneo," is nothing else but an individual of atropos. 



A. atropos is a white crow among the large Lepidoptera occurring in Europe : 



