( 141 ) 



Larva resemliliug that of dntjiifcranim, side-hands dcejicr red.— Food : 

 J. ig list rum, Spiraea, Fraxinus, etc. 



Pupa : tongue-case free, close to the breast, o mm. long or less ; cremastcr 

 with two apical and two subapical jioints. 



Jlub. Palaearctic l?egion, from Scotland and Scandinavia southwards to Spain 

 and Italy, not in Greece; eastwards to Japan. 



Bartel, I.e., records it from N.W. Africa and the Canary Islands, giving 

 Speyer as the authority for this statement. Stand. & Rebel mention, with, the 

 Azores as being inhabited by ligustri. 



Two subspecies : 



(I. If. ligustri constricta. 



*Sj,l,iii.r comtricta Butler, Cist. Eiit. iii. p. 113 (1S85) (Japan ;— Miif. Brit.) ; Kirby, Cui. Lrp. Iht. 



i. p. fi92. n. 24 (1892). 

 *Sphinx liiju.ftri var. umiirennis Oberthiir, BnlL Soc. Ent. Fr. p. oli (ISSf!) (Amurld. ; -coll. Charles 



Oberthiir) :Staud., in Rom., Mem. Up. vi. p. 220. n. 208 (1892) (Amur) : Kirby, /.,■. i. p. ^92. 



sub n. 23 (1892) (Manchuria) ; Bartel, in Rilhl, GroKsschm. ii. p. 48 (1899). 

 Sphiii.r Hgiiglri var. .ijnraeae, Gracser (iiuii Esper, 1806), B<tI. Eitl. Zdtxchr. xxxii. p. 104. n. 179 



(1888) (Amurld., li. vii.). 

 Sphinx liijitstri var. coiiMricta, Staudinger L>i Rebel, Cat. Lrp.eS. iii. p. 101 sub n. 734 (1901) { = aiiiii- 



rensi.'i ; Jap., Chin, s., Amur, Uss.). 

 Sj)hin.v lii/iistri, Leech, Pro,: Zn„t. Sm: Lorxl. p. 589. n. 35 (1888) { = constricta) ; id., Traua. Ent. 



Soc. Loud. p. 287. n. G3 (1898) (Hakodate, vi.) ; Bartel, I.e. p. 47 (1899) (Japan, "common" 



ex err. !). 



(??. Structurally the same as lig. ligustri. Agrees in colour with certain 

 specimens of ab. spiraeae. The black colour is prominent, the pink colour reduced 

 in intensity. There is as yet very little material in collections. 



This form is of interest in so far as it stands intermediate to a certain degree 

 between drupiferarum and European ligustri. The antemedian and median bands 

 of the hindwing are separate in typical lig. ligustri ; they are confluent in a few 

 specimens which occur apparently everywhere among typical lig. ligustri ; the red 

 colour is, besides, occasionally reduced in intensity. In lig. constricta the bands 

 are always more or less confluent and the red colour bleached, while in drupiferarum 

 both characters are exaggerated, there being no red tint and the two bands being 

 completely fused to one median band, which shows occasionally traces of grey 

 scaling centrally, indicating the original three-banded state. 



Hab. N. China, Amnrlaud and Japan, apparantly rare. 



In the Tring Museum 2 S S from : Amurland ; Sidemi. 



In the collection of Mons. de Joannis from Hien-Hien, N. China. 



b. II. ligustri ligustri. 



Hoefn., Arch. t. 4 (1692); id.. Die. Ins. t. 9 (1030); Bouhin, Traite Anim. p. 88 (1,'^,93) ; 

 MoufP., Theolr. Ins. p. 91. f. 2, p. 182. f. 1 (1634); Jonst., ///.?/. Xut. Ins. t. 19. f. 1. 2 

 (1653) ; Merian, Eur. Lis. iii. p. 63 n. 124. t. 124 {!., p., i.) (1683) ; Goed., ed. Lister, /n.-: 

 p. 71. f. 25 (1685) ; Jung, Hist. Verm. p. 108 (1691); Jacob., Miis. reg. Dan. t. 1. f. 24 

 (1696) ; Raj., Hist. Ins. p. 144. n. 1., p. 362. n. 62 (1710) ; Albin, Nai. Hist. Enijl. Ins. t. 7 

 (1720) ; (Anonym.), BrcA. Samml. Julius CI. 4. Art. 4. n. t! fig. {i.,p., I.) (1723) ; Ueaum., 

 Hist. Man. i. p. 293. t. 14. f. 1 (1734) : id., I.e. ii. 2. p. 1. t. 20. f. 1-4 (1736) (Sphinx!); 

 Swamm., BiU. Xat. p. 223. 388. 389. t. 29. f. 1 (/.). 2 (p). 3 (0- (1737) ; Linne, Fauna Siicc. 

 ed. i. p. 248. n. 809 (1746) ; Wilke, Engl. Moths, CI. i. S. B. p. 10. t. 3 (1747) ; Rosel, Ins. 

 Bel. iii. p. 25. t. 5. f. 4. 5 (1755) ; Hemm., Coll. Cur. Ins. t. 3. f. a. b. (1751 ?) ; Gronov., Act. 

 Helv. V. p. 140. n. 311 (1762) ; Geoffr., Hist. Ins. ii. p. 84. n. 7 (1762) ; Gronov., Zooph. p. 202. 

 n. 820 (1764) ; Seba, Thesaur. iv. t. 53. f. 12. 14., t. .55., f. 13. 14. 15. (fig. malae), t. 60. f. 19. 



