( 146 ) 



?. ^'ag'i^ill j>late (PI. XXI. f. (J) elongate-triacgnlar, rounded distallj' ; 

 month of vagina median, covered pro.ximally by a prominent flaj), which is 

 individually variable ; behind tbe vaginal opening there is a large smooth mesial 

 tubercle. 



Larva without the oblique bands of other Jrli/loiciis, with longitudinal dashes, 

 and strongly marked ringlets ; head, frontal surface excepted, horn and anal 

 segment granulose. — Food : various Coniferae. 



Slieath of tongue of chrysalis short, free, appressed to the breast. 



llab. Palaearctic Kegion ; also in N. America (introduced). 



In the Brit. Mus. there is a c? collected by Doubleday in the United States. 

 This specimen does not differ from European $$. The saniptrt of Strecker is 

 doubtless the same. These North American piitastri are surely introduced 

 specimens, or offspring of such, as the se.\ual armature — which is identical in 

 Doubleday's S with that of European examples — does not show any difference, 

 while we should expect it to differ obviously, if the Nearctic pinastri had been an 

 Inhabitant of that region for a longer period. 



As the species occurs in Europe and Japan, it will most likely also be found 

 in China, Thibet and Kashmir, and at the south side of the Himalayas at higher 

 elevations. 



a. H. pinastri pinastri. 



Reaum, Mem. i. t. 13. f. 8 (1734) ; Roesel, Imrct. Beluxt. i. 1. p. 41. t. 6 (1746) ; Gadd., Obs. 



SaUigimd. p. 28 (1747) ; Hemm., Co!l. Cur. Iiiti. t. 2. f. a. b. (176- ?) ; Schaeff., Icon. Raiisb. 



t. 110. f. 1. 2 (1766) ; Deg., Mem. Hist. Ins. ii. 1. p. 234. n. 1 (1771) ; id., I.e. iv. p. 169. 695. 



t. 10. f. 1. 2. 3. (1774) ; Ern. & Engr., Pap. Eur. iii. p. 17. t. 97. f. 115. f. a,-f (1785). 

 Sphinx jnnastri Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 492. n. 20 (1758) : id., Fimna Svec. p. 288. n. 1088 (1761); 



Poda, Mus. Gniec. p. 80. n. 4 (1761) ; Sepp., Nederl Ins. t. 3. p. 23. f. 5 (1762) ; Scop., Ent. 



Cam. p. 187. n. 473 (1763) ; Hufn., Berlin. Mag. ii. p. 182. n. 10 (1766) ; Houtt., Xatnrl. Hist. 



i. 11. p. 450. n. 20 (1767) ; Linne, Sy-st. Nat. ed. xii. p. 802. n. 22 (1767) ; Drury, Ilhistr. 



N. Hist. i. p. 58. t. 25. f. 2 (1770) ; Forst., Cat. Anim. N. Am. p. 29 (1771) ; Mull., Natiirs. 



V. 1. p. 642. n. 22 (1774) ; Fabr., Sijst. Ent. p. 541. n. 16 (1775) ; Fuessl., Verz. Schweiz. Ins. 



p. 33. n. 621 (1775) ; SchifP. & Den., Wien. Verz. p. 41 (1776) ; Mad., ed. Kleem., Raupenhal. 



p. 71. n. 202 & p. 87. n. 249 (1777) ; Meyer, in Fuessl., Ma;/. Ent. i. p. 266 (1778) ; Goeze, Ent. 



Beytr. iii. 2. p. 174. n. 22 (1780) ; Fabr., Sjm-. Ent. ii. p. 146. n. 30 (1781) ; Lang, Verz. Aiigsb. 



p. 67. n. 55.5-557 (1782) ; Esp., Eur. Sclim. ii. p. 106. u. 12. t. 12. f. 1. 2. 3 (1779) & p. 233. 



t. 36. f. 9 (1782) ; Retz., Gen. Ins. p. 33. n. 27 (1783) ; Fuessl., N. Mag. Ent. iii. p. 157. n. 130, 



p. 158. n. 139 (1786) ; Fabr., Mant. Ins. ii. p. 95. n. 33 (1787) ; Borkh., Eur. ScJinl. ii. p. 101. 



n. 4, p. 147, p. 180. n. 3 (1789) ; Gmel., Syst. Nat. i. 5. p. 2385. n. 22 (1790) ; View., Tab. 



Verz. Brandenb. i. p. 6. n. 6 (1790) ; Brahm, Insectenhald. ii. 1. p. 127. n. 63 (1791) ; Schwarz, 



Raupenlcald. p. 496. n. 633 (1791) ; Panz., Fauna Germ. p. 82. n. 22 (1793) ; Fabr., Ent. Syst. 



iii. 1. p. 367. n. 35 (1793) ; Borkh., Rhein. Mag. i. p. 317. n. 144 (1793) ; Cederh., Fauna Ingr. 



p. 213. n. 653 (1798) ; Schrank, Fauna Boica ii. p. 224. n. 1380 (1798-1804) Bechst. & Scharf., 



Forstins. ii. p. 339. n. 5 (1805); Htibn., Eur. Schm., Sphiiig. p. 98. n. 1. t. 13. f. 67 (cJ) 



(1805-24); Ocbs., StAni. Eur. ii. p. 243. n. 4 (1808); Htibn., Gesch. Eur. .Schm. ii. Sph. iii. 



Leg. C. b. f. 1. a (1806-18) ; Nag., HiUfsh. Schm. p. 158 (1818) ; Sam., Ent. Comp. p. 244 



(1819) ; Vogel, Schm. Cabin, i. p. 26. t. 7. f. 5. a. b. (1821) ; God., Hist. Nat. Lip. iii. p. .30. 



t. 17. f. 1 (1821) ; Lep. & Serv., Enc. Meth. x. p. 464. t. 64. f. 1-3 (1825) ; Meig., Handb. Schm. 



p. 99. n. 16 (1827) ; Boisd., hid. Meih. p. 48. n. 392 (1828) ; Steph., Illustr. Brit. Ins., Hau^t. 



i. p. 121. n. 6 (1828) ; id., Cat. Brit. Ins. ii. p. 32 (1829) ; Meig., Syst. Bcschr. Eur. Schm. 



ii. p. 145. n. 16. t. 67. f. 3 (1830) ; Cant., in Silb., Rer. Ent. i. p. 77 (1833) (Dept. Var, v. ix.) ; 



Beske, ibid. ii. p. 177 (1834) (Hamburg) ; Lucas, Li-p. Eur. p. 116. t. 46. f. 3 (1834) ; Thon, 

 Nat. Schm. t. 54. f. 741. 742. 743 (1837) ; id. & Reich., Ins. Krebsc Spinn. p. 107. t. ,54. f. 741. 

 742. 743 (1838) ; Ratzeb., Forstins. ii. p. 74 (1840) ; Zett., Ins. Lapp. p. 917 (1840) ; Westw. & 

 Humphr., Brit. Moths p. 13. t. 3. f. 7. 8. 9 (1843) ; Eversm., Fauna Volgo-L'raL p. 112 (1844) 

 (vi.) ; Assm., Zeitschr. Ent. Breslau i. p. 5 (1847) ; Bell., Bull. Sue. Ent. Fr. p. 52 (184H) (Bois 

 de Boulogne) ; Menetr., Enum. Corp. Anim. Mus. Pefr., Lep. p. 89. n. 1474 (1857) (Curland, 



