( 167 ) 



it is tnliercled on the upperside near tlie base. The weak tonjjiie is functionless, 

 oulj the lower (i.e. less specialised or less rednced) forms being able to use the 

 tongue as a sucking-tube. These strong-tongued Ambulicinae visit flowers 

 {Protambuh/.r strujilis ; Gundl.. Ent. Citbnna p. 185), while the bulk of the subfamily 

 does not feed. 



The jiilifer is normally of a rounded triangular shape, with the inner surface 

 clothed with long bristles. These bristles become often modified into scnles, 

 either all or part of them; they disappear in a few species almost completely 

 (PI. LXI. f. 10). The pilifer itself is sometimes reduced to an obtuse triangular 

 projection (PI. LXI. f. 10), while it is occasionally prolonged, resembling a tooth- 

 brush (PI. LXII. f. 5). The genal process is triangular, as high, or nearly as high, 

 as the pilifer, seldom reduced {C>/j>a), in which case the pilifer is also reduced. The 

 palpus is large in the lower forms {Protambul>/r, Compsogene, etc.), and becomes very 

 small in a number of genera ; it is generally smaller in the ? than in the 6, so 

 that in this respect the ? is the more advanced sex. The joint of the second and 

 third segment is often open, i.e., the scales at the end of the first and the base of 

 the second segment stand so far apart that the naked joint is visible. The most 

 peculiar palpus is found in Cressonia, where the long second segments curve 

 sideways, the palpi being divergent, especially in the S . 



The antenna are never club-shaped, but they are thinner at the base than in 

 and before the middle. The segments are always compressed and grooved in the 

 S, with long fasciculated ciliae ; in some cases the upper edge of the groove is 

 dilated laterad, forming short pectinations ; these are enormously prolonged in the 

 African Ceridia mira (PI. LX. i. 27. 28). The so-called bipectinated antennae of 

 the (^ c? of Cressonia and Monarda are of an entirely different type, resembling the 

 antennae of Satarniidae, as pointed out by John Smith (see Cressonia). In 

 the ? ? -antennae we often find the c?c? -characters repeated, but in a less pronounced 

 form, while in many other species the segments are simple and somew'hat depressed. 

 The end-segment, which is always long and rough-scaled iu the Acherontiicae and 

 Sphingicae and short in the Sphingulicue, is long in very few Ambidicinae (PI. LX. 

 f. 4. 5. (!) and short in all the others. The segment is rough-scaled only iu 

 I'rotambtdyx, while it is densely and smoothly scaled on the upperside in the other 

 genera. Protambulgx represents in this respect the lowest type. 



.S])iuosity t)f the tibiae is of equally common occurrence among the Ambulicinae 

 as it is among the Acker ordiinae. The spiuosity is not necessarily accompanied by 

 a reduction of parts of the legs. There is no scent-organ at the posterior side 

 of the forecoxae. The foretibia ends often in a thorn, a character independently 

 developing in many not closely related genera, anfl in a few cases the external 

 si)ines of the first protarsal segment are enlarged {Monarda). The spurs are in 

 some forms very long, the longer terminal one of the hindtibia equalling in length 

 sometimes the first tarsal segment. In the forms where they are most reduced 

 they are so short as to be concealed in the scaling of the tibia. The proximal jiair 

 of spurs of the hindtibia disappears often ; Parum colligata is very instructive in 

 this resjiect, as the pair is absent from some individuals and vestigial iu others. 

 The distal pair never disappears. In a number of species dealt with under 

 Pohjptgchus the spurs are more or less spiuose. A very remarkable character of 

 the legs of the Ambidicinae is the non-development of a midtarsal comb even in 

 those species which have long and strong legs, like Compsogene, the Ambidicinae 

 differing conspicuously therein from the Spkingicae, where all the lower forms have 



