( 217 . 



?. The eighth abdomiiuil tergite resembling tiiat ui' p/'ulai'is, but the bides 

 are more produced di^tad. Vaginal jilate (PI. XVI f. l:3j with a transverse fold 

 ill front of the orifice, the fold iocrasbate before the orifice ; postvagiual plate 

 narrowing distally, truncate. 



Length of forewing : S , 55-60 mm. ; i , 22-24 mm. 



Breadth of forewing : 6 , 61 mm. ; i , 25 mm. 



Ilab. Oinanisa, Dutch Timor, November to December 1891 (W. Doherty). 



2 6S 1 ?, in tiie Tring Museum ; t>/pe : <S. 



This may be only a geographical representative of titan in spite of the great 

 differences in the sexual armature ; intergradations m.-iy occur in the more western 

 parts of the Malayan Subregion, where no L'lanis have lieeu found as \et. 



170. Clanis phalaris. 



Spf(hu:phahin> Cramer, Puj}. Ex. li. p, 83. t. 149. £. A (1T77J fCoroma-jdel;. 



*fiphinxpagana Fabricius, Hpcc. In<. ii. p. 146. n. '29 (1781) fla-l. or., Mus. 'Banks . — Mus. Brit.) : 



id., Alant. Ins. ii. p. 95. n. 32 (1787) ; Gme'., Syst. X'yi. I 6. p. -'38.i. n. 92 (1790) Clndial ; Fabr., 



Eiit. Si/st. iii. 1. p. 366. n. 34 (1793). 

 SiMiu nicobareit.iis Schwarz, Xumcud. Roa. J; Klcc:>i. ii. pi. t. If. 1. 2 (1810) . Charp., in E>p., 



Aii.sl. Schm. Siqjjd. t. 1. f. 1 (1830). 

 Clanis nicobaremh, Hiibner, Vcrz. bek. Schm. p. 138. u. 1480 (1822). 

 Clanis phalaria, id.,/..;, n. 1481 (18-22): Moore, P;v;-. Zw/. Soc. Lomi p. 595 (1877) (PI. Blair, = 



jia(jana = nicobai-ensis) ; Kirby, Cat. Lcp. Hct. i. p. 702. ii. 1 (1892) (Indii ; Nicobara ; " Schall. 



Xaturf." etc. ex err.). 

 *Ba<iaiia ccrciwi Walker, List Lq>. Int. B.M.vin. p. 237. n. 2 (1856) (partiru ; X. lad. ;— Mus. 



Biit.) ; Horsf. & Mnore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 265. d. 611 (1857) : Moore, Pror. Zunl. Soc. 



Lond. p. 793 (1865) (Bengal) ; Boisd., l.r. p. 48. n. 2 (l>t75) ; Butl., Trane. Znol. Sor. Lund. ix. 



p. 696. n. 5(1877); ^viinh., Proc. Zaol. Soc. Land. p. 435. □. 13 (1886) (Mhow, vii.) , Kirby, 



Cat. Lcp. Uet. i. p. 702. u. 3 (1892). 

 Coequusa {'i) phalarU, Walker, k. p. 258. d. 3 (1856). 

 Sphinx (':!) paganci, id., I.e. p. 264 (1856). 



Mctagastes phalaris, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Hct. Lcp. i. p. 12. n. 1 (1875) (Ind. or.). 

 Metagastes nicobarcnsis, id., I.e. u. 2 (1875). 



Clanis nkabarensh, Butler, llluslr. Typ. Spccini. Lcp. Hct. B. M. v. p. 14 (1881). 

 Clanis ccrcina, id.. I.e. p. 15. t. 81. f. 6 (1881) ; ForB., Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. p. 393. t. 15. f. 1. 2. 



(larva, pupa) (1884) (Mhow) ; Cot. & Swinh.. Cat. Moths Ind. i. p. 29. n. 160 (1887). 

 Clanis nicobaricnsi^ (!), Swinhoe, Cat. Lcp. Hct. Mus. 0.r. i. p. 29. sub n. 118 (1892). 

 Ambubj.c jMgaiia, Hampsou, in Blanf., Fauna Brit. Ltd., Moths \. p. 80. n. 112 (1892) (Sikhim) : 



Bengal ; Madras) ; Dudg., Juurn. Bombay N. H. Soc. xi. p. 409. n. 112 (1898) (not seen). 



c??. This species varies a good deal iu the tint of the ground-colour, some 

 specimens being much more red than others ; tlie lines of the forewing vary also, 

 being sometimes more, sometimes less distinct. Cramer's figure applies to this species, 

 not to what we have described below under the name of titan. Though the figure 

 is very grossly executed, it shows nevertheless one essential character of j>/>alaris 

 =:nicobarensis. In this species, namely, the pale area of the xipperside of the 

 forewing expands iu the submarginal region between SC'' and R-, wliile in titan. 

 it is much narrower, expanding only between SC'" and R'. It is quite possible 

 that there are several subspecies of this species, but witli the material at jiresent 

 at disposal it is scarcely safe to form an opinion upon this point. We have 

 examined the genital armature of several si^ecimeus from North and South India 

 and Ceylon, and did not find any reliable difterence. The specimens described Ijy 

 A\alker as cercina — we have dissected the d — are very pale, the pale costal area 

 of the forewing and the line before R^ consequently being hardly discernible ; 

 there is no black streak on the tiuderside of the forewiuir, and no wfaite l;ue 



