( 439 ) 



granules of pronotum conspicuous ; horn also strongly granulose ; a pale dorso- 

 lateral line from head to horn, an inconspicuous line at each side of dorsal mesinl 

 line. — Foo(l-]danfs : Ruhiaceae : Lonicera ; Viburnum: Prunun ; Scahiosa ; etc. 



Pupa without gloss, nearly black, rongh ; two small frontal tubercles ; tongue- 

 case not carinate ; cremaster flattened, triangular, rough, ending in two points, sidrs 

 rough with setiferous tubercles. 



Ilab. Nearctic, Palaearctic, and f Jriental Region, most species in the Palaearctic 

 Eegion. 



Grote has recognised from the beginning of his studies in Lepidopterology 

 that the species of Ilaemorrhagia { = Heniaris auct.) are generically distinct from 

 M(ic7-oglossuni steUatarum and allies. "We emphasise this fact, as most Palaearctic 

 writers — from the time of Scopoli, who invented the term Macroglossum for 

 " stdlafarum, etc.," and Dalman, who erected his genus Ilemaris for steUatarum, 

 fuciformis, and tifi/us, down to the ('atalogne of Staudinger & Rebel — did not 

 recognise the wide difference between the two groups of species. 



Haemorrhagia is a northern development e.xtending with two of its s])ecies into 

 tiie Oriental Region, being entirely absent from the Aethiopian and Neotropical 

 Regions. 



The species, so far as a series of specimens is known of them, are nearly all 

 obviously variable. The variation refers to size and colour, and to the dentition of 

 the marginal bands. Very fortunately, it has been proved by breeding that two of 

 the American species are variable seasonally and individually, so that the reader is 

 amply prepared for seeing the uumber of so-called species greatly reduced in this 

 Eevisiou. Instead of the twenty American species of Kirby's Catalogue we 

 recognise as distinct only four, one of which consists of three subspecies, and there 

 are only eleven Old World species. 



Thongli there is strongly marked seasonal dimorpliisni in several species, tlio 

 differences do not appear in all individuals of the same brood. The most extreme 

 summer forms do not seem to occur in springtime (Jlii/sbe f. loc. fuscicaudis, 

 (////i/t/s t. aest. axillaris), while specimens of the character of the s])ring form a])pear 

 among the summer brood. Further observations are a desideratum, especially in 

 Amnrland and Jajtan, where the individuals with heavily dentate wing-borders will 

 probably tnru out to belong to the summer broods. 



It is worthy of note that the American " species " were separated by Giote into 

 tliree subgenera, which correspond to three species of this Revision. The fourth 

 species was not known to Grote. 



In the recently published Catalogue of Palaearctic Lepidoptera by Staudinger 

 ife Rebel, Staudinger erroneously put croatica under Macroylossum, where it does 

 not belong. His scabiosac var. brunneobasalis is the same as mamlarina, a form of 

 radians ; tenuis put with f under srabiosae has nothing to do with it ; mari/inalis 

 treated as a synonym of " var." confinis is, like tenuis, a form of di/finis ; a//inis is, as 

 correctly suggested, the Pacific representative of Jucijorinis ; var. robusta is not a 

 " var.," i.e. geographical form. 



The asymmetrical development of the male sexual armatnre is not so pro- 

 nounced as in some species of Gep/tonodes (see this), but mostly very obvious. We 

 find the tenth tergite divided in two processes in all the species, the left (right in 

 figures) process never aborting, as is the case in some species of Cepkonodes. The 

 tenth sternite is nearly symmetrical in fuci/ormis and tittjus (PI. XLIII. f. 22), and 

 curved towards the left side in the other species (PI. XLIII. f. 2:$ — 2()). From 



