( 611 ) 

 •yo2. Proserpinus proserpina. 



Ernst & Eugr., Pap/Eur. ii. t. llil. f. li')l a— i (178:.'). 



Sphi/nx {l)/jr<i.wrjiiiui Pallas, Si>k: Zoul. ix. p. 2G. t. 2. f. 7 (1772) (Germania). 



Sjihiiix oenoth'tae Denis & Schiff., .%««. Verz. Schm. ]Vim p. 43. n. 1. p. 239. fig. frontisp. (177(;). 



c??. Palpus shorter than in (jaurae; end-segmeut of auteuna and hiudtavsns 

 also shorter,wliile the thorn at the end of the foretibia is longer ; distal margin of 

 furcwiug far less oblique, irregularly trilobate at R', M', and SM-'. In these 



cl I a rafters, pronerpina is more specialised than the American species. Ilindwing 



l>ak'r yellow than in clarkiau. 



S. Tenth segment as iu clar/due {V\. XLV. f. 4), steruite rather longer and 

 slenderer. Harpe short, often dilated at end (PI. IL. f. 20), sometimes as 

 gradually narrowed to a point as in yaurac. 



Larva green or brown, paler below than above; stigmata in brown obIi(|ue 

 patches ; pale dorso-lateral line more or less vestigial ; back dotted with brown ; 

 horn represented by a smooth prominence encircled with black. — Food-plants : 

 Ucnotkera ; JLjjilodium ; Lijthvam. 



Hah. Central and South Europe, eastward to Buchara. 



Two subspecies : 



a. P. proserpina proserpina. 



S/iIiiii.i- jinisi rpiiiii Pallas, I.e. 



Splihi.r ,,aiulhm>e Denis & Schiff., /.-■. ; Fuessly, Ma<j. Ent. ii. 1. p. 65. t. 1. f. 0. 10 (1779) ; Esp., 



Sr/niielt. ii. p. 167. t. 2(1. p. 19«, t. 2r>. f. 2. 3 (1779) ; Goeze, Eiit. B,:ijti: iii. 2. p. 212. n. 29 



(17S0) ; Fabr., Spec. Ins. ii. p. 141. n. 10 (17K1) {=i)ro.ier2)iiui) ; Fuessly, N. Mu(j. Ent. ii. p. 210 



(1784) ; id., I.e. iii. p. 146 (1786) ; Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 93. n. 11 (1787) ; Borkh., Eui-.Schmetl. 



ii. p. 59. 135. 177 (1788) ; Lang, Ver:^. Aug.-^b. ii. p. 71. n. 572. 573 (1789) ; Gmel., Si/sf. Xal. 



i. 5. p. 2374. n. 54 (1790) ; Rossi, Fauna Etr. ii. p. 15. n. 362 (1790) ; Schwarz, RuLqienknl. 



p. 364 (1791) ; Brahm, Insertcnhdend. ii. 1. p. 422. n. 297 (1791) ; Fabr., Ent. Sijsl. iii. 1. 



p. 359. n. 12 (1793) ; Schrank, Fauna Boka ii. 1. p. 229. n. 1393 (1801) ; Kixha., Eiu: Schmeti.. 



Sphinij. f . 58 (180- V) ; id., Gesch. Schmett. ii. Sj/lihiy. iii. (180- ?) ; Ochs., Schmett. Eur. ii. p. 19(;. 



n. 5. (1808) ; Nagel, Hiilfsh. Schm. p. 148 (1818) ; Latr., in X<mi: Dkt. d'llkt. JVat. xxxii. 



p. 27 (1819) ; God., Lqj. France iii. p. 52. t. 19. f. 2 (1823) ; Luc, Lq>. Eur. p. 109. t.44 (1834). 

 Sphin.r schiffirmiUrri Fuessly, Mog. Ent. ii. p. 69 (1779) (=oen(jthcnie). 

 Seski (leuutlierae, Fabricius, in lUig., Maij. Ent. vi. p. 88. n. 44 (1807). 

 Sjihhu- aenotliei-ac (!), Latreille, Geii. //(.s. Crust, iv. p. 210 (1809). 

 Sella oauithcrae, Oken, Lehrh. Katurrj. iii. 1. p. 750. n. 4 (1815). 

 .Uacroglossa oenotherae, Ochsenheimer, Schm. Eur. iv. p. 42 (1816) ; Friv., in Silberm., .ffff. Ent. ii. 



p. 181 (1834) (Hungary) ; Eversm., Fauna Vohjn-Ural. p. 107 (1844) (vi.) ; Assm., Zeitschr. 



Ent. Breslaii i. p. 5 (1847) ; Staadf., ibkl. v. p. 15 (1851) (larva). 

 Pnjserjiinus oenotherae, Hiibner, Ver-. hel: Schm. p. 132. n. 1413 (1822) ; Walk., List Lep. Ins. B. M. 



viii. p. 97. n. 1 (1856) (S. France) ; Butl., Trans. Zool. Soc. Loud. ix. p. 535. n. 1 (1892). 

 Sphyru (!) oenotherae, Vogel, Schm. Cabin, iv. p. 21. t. 7. f. 4. a. b (1823). 

 Pterugiin oeuolherae, Boisduval, Ind. Melli. p. 32 (1829) (Gall, m., vi.) ; id., CoU. Icon. Chen. t. 18. 



f. 1 (1832) ; Cant., in Silberm., Ker. Ent. i. p. 76 (1833) (Dept. Var) ; Buisd., Spec. Gen. i. 



t. 15. f. 3 (1836) ; Thon, Nat. Srhni. p. 103. t. 52. f. 719—721 (1837) ; Luc, in Ghonu, Knc 



Hist. Sat., Pap. i. p. 255. f. 452 (1853) ; Munrtr., Enam. Corp. .Inim. Mas. Pelr., Lep. Snppl. 



ii. p. 95. n. 1575 (1857) ; Wilde, Raup. ii. p. 80. t. 1. f. 9 (1860) ; Stand. & Wocke, Cat. Lcp. 



p. 16. n. 30 (1861) ; Boisd.. Spec. Gen. Lcp. Ilct.i. p. 312. n. 1 (1875) : Weism.,ed. Meld., SVw/. 



Tlic.nr. Dcsc. i. p. 256. t. 7. f. 63. 64. 65 (1882) (larva) ; Schlitze, Iris ix. p. 323. n. 14 (1896) 



(Oberlausitz). 

 Pterogon aenothcrae {'.), Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins. iii. p. 478. t. 20. f. 2 (1840). 

 Sphinx aethcrioe (!), Lalanne, Man. Ent. p. 122. n. 2 (date?). 

 Pterogon pronerpxna, Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lep. ed. ii. p. 38. n. 491 (1871) : Weil., Pnnjr. Ober- 



reatscb. Innsbr. p. 15 (1S80) ; Kill., Jahrb. Nat. ffcv. Gninb. xxiii. p. 46 (1880) ; Rom., .Uem. 



Lip. i. p. 72 (1884) (Borjoum, vi. vii.) ; Mina-Pal. & Failla-Ted., Nat. Sicil. vii. p. 42 (1889) ; 



