( 673 ) 



always ditfuivut in the sexes ; they are never dentate or pectinate, but the 

 segments of the hook are as a rule conically produced ventrad. Tlie eye is lashed 

 or not. The first segment of the palpus has often a more or less regular apical 

 cavity in the scaling of the outer surface exposing the joint ; the apical scaling of 

 tlio innerside of the first segment is irregular or regular ; the naked surface of the 

 second segment, which is sometimes covered with small disjiersed scales (A^r/^/o/w;), 

 varies in size ; the upi)er apical angle of this segment, on the innerside, liears often 

 a tuft of long scales directed jiroximad and ventrad. The length and width of the 

 second segment is variable in the subfamily ; in several instances the segment is 

 narrowed and short-scaled, the base of the tongue being exposed (PL LIX. f. 10. 11). 

 The transverse crest in Basiotlii(( at the apex of the first segment, on the outerside, 

 rrminds one of a similar crest of Splnixjonuejiiopsis {Nephelicae). The tongue is 

 always functional, never mnch reduced, often twice the length of the body. 



The abdomen is conical in all forms, generally rather long and cndiu"- in a 

 simple pointed tuft, bearing besides the apical tuft a rudimentary tuft at each side 

 (c?) ; the spines are multiseriate, seldom uniseriate on the last tergites {Xijlopkanes 

 chtron, croto/ii.s, etc.), resembling in the latter case the spines of PhoLits ; the basal 

 sternites bear occasionally weak sjiines {Celerio lineata) ; the seventh sternite is 

 always without spines, obtusely triangular, membranaceous at end. The sexual 

 armature is always rather simple ; the friction-scales, which are never absent, 

 are generally enlarged, mostly few in number, seldom only one present ; in 

 Rhodufra they are numerous and small (reduced). The scent-organ of the forecoxae 

 is more or less distinct. The mernm of the midcoxa is not angnlate. The tibiae 

 are never spinose. The midtibial spurs are normally nnequal in length, the outer 

 one being the shorter ; in Xi/lojihums and Gecheiiena we find species in which the 

 spurs are e(pial and also species in which tbe inner one is the shorter. The hindtibia 

 has always two jjairs of spurs. The external spines of the first protarsal segment 

 are sometimes enlarged. The midtibial comb is not very prominent. The paro- 

 nychium has always two pairs of lobes, but the pulvillus loses the ]>ad in some 

 species (Celerio euphorbiae, etc.). 



There are 144 species known, which we bring info 14 genera. One genus is 

 Cosmopolitan (Gelerio) ; two are American (Xi/lop/iaues and F/i(mo.r'//a); five are 

 African (li/zotlq/ra, Basiothia, Centroctena, Chaerocinn, Euchloro)i) ; three are 

 Oriental {Rhayastis, Cechenena, Rhj/iicholaba) ; one is Palearctic, extending to North 

 India (Pcri/esa) ; while two are Oriental and African {Hippotion, Theretrd). The 

 species are distributed as follows : Neotropical and Nearctic (including 2 from the 

 Sandwich Is.), 5(1 ; Holarctic, 1 ; Palaearctic (two extending into Nortli India), 9 ; 

 Oriental, 48 ; Aethiojjian, 28 ; Oriental and Aethiopian, 1 ; Cosmopolitan, 1. North 

 America is very poor in species of this subfixmily, possessing in the temperate zone 

 only one cosmo])olitan species (^lineata), one Holarctic s])ecies {ijallii), and one 

 American six'cies (trrsa), which latter occurs also all over South America, besides 

 some Neotroi)ical stragglers in the Southern States. 



The American genus Xijlophaiu'fi is the most generalised of the Chdcrocamiiine 

 genera in the structure of the pali)us and anteiuia. It is worthy of note tiiat in this 

 gi'uus we find in many species an abdominal spination resembling that ^A' the 

 ancestral ibrm, which had, like the American I'holus, slender antenna and uniseriate 

 abdominal spines. The genus whicli ciomes next as to the degree of specialisation is 

 Cosmopolitan, while all the other, more specialised, genera are confined to tiie Old 

 World, with the exception of the American Phanovi/Ut, which is a derivation IVom 



X X 



