Uay 30, 1866. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 



397 



greater experience , prefer tabes. These small bgilers, we have no 

 doabt, will answer well for small places, thoagh it is doubtfal whether 

 the tubes of the saJdlo will be better than the common saddleback. 

 Another boiler was exhibited with furnace complete, and a lid fitting 

 the inclined plane to the bars, and at night a galvanised tube to bo 

 £tted to this opening filled witli fut-l to descend gradnally to the bars. 

 We wonder how long such a tube would stand when used by a common 

 labourer. For a careful amateur, who does not like looking to his 

 fii-e often, the supply-tube would bo useful in a cold night. A prize was 

 given to Mr. Gray for his oval double tubular boiler, though there is 

 not much of the oval in it ; but those who have worked it say that it 

 is a powerful boiler when much work is to be done with it. In wheel- 

 barrows there was nothing to merit special attention, though improve- 

 ments are much needed. For sunshades for garden seats a certificate 

 was awarded to Mr. Scowan, patent canopy maker, Allen Road, Stoke 

 Newington, each supported by a stout rod of brass, and which can bo 

 moved according to the direction of the wind. Prices not given. 



In Class 2H1 (G), a prize was awarded to Mr. W. Karley, gardener to 

 F. Pryor, Esq., Digswell, Welwyn, Herts, for a guard for protecting 

 young trees from animals in parks, &c. It is made of stout ii'on, with 

 feet to go in the ground, with wire for 2 feet in height to keep out small 

 intruders ; is neat and artistic in appearance, and is to cost only 30*". 

 It would he well if exhibitors would state the price of the things ex- 

 hibited. This guard is really good. It is made in two semicircular 

 pieces, and then joined when placed round the tree with screws and 

 nuts. 



In Class 231 (C), Mr. Charles Lee exhibited a strong two-wheeled 

 transplanting machine, and which can be built for £20. In piiuciple it 

 would act much the same as the old timber-gig. As combining the novel 

 and the adaptable, to circumstances, such as passing through nan-ow 

 gates and on narrow walks, the prize was given to a machine con- 

 structed by Mr. J. Mclndoe, gardener to Coles Child, Esq., Bromley, 

 Kent. Spealdng from memory we cannot well describe its size, &g. ; 

 but the two wheels at back are of iron, occupyiug'about a yard in width 

 altogether, have a strong pole attached by means of bands of iron, which 

 rise far above the level of the wheels. To the sides of the pole are 



mostly of wood with the cxciqitiou of the framework, but those chairs 

 with metal backs w<ro tukon out of the class of garden utilities into 

 that of garden oruaniiiils, and ns people do not lean much against 

 such chairs, the wooden bottoms made them itlmo.Ht equal in point of 

 comfort for the sitter, A'c, to thofie formed all of wood. I know that 

 it is common to see iron chairs and wire chairs trtni-k about in all 

 qutu-ters, but few things could bo more uncomfortable eitliur in cold 

 or wet weather, owing to the ubsoi-ption and radiation of heat. A groat 

 improvement was efiected when these chaiis wore made T*-ith wooden 

 bottoms. There was no mimo attached to this exhibition, but for 

 elegant places these chairs are a march in the ri^ht direction. No 

 prices were given, but the common Loicetter chair to hold three or 

 more persons may be had according to the stylo of the painting, from 

 15s. to 25*'. 



A prize wag also awarded for two nice designs of rockwork or ruins, 

 suitable for Ferns, scut by Mr. E. A. Pnig, Grove Terrace, Grove 

 Road, St. John's Wood. 



Of Orange tree tubs, there was a great variety, and among others 

 was one of stained or varnished wood, which would look well in au 

 ornamental couservatorj' attached to a fuhurban rustic mansion; but 

 if we proceed as we are now doing, the time will not be far distant 

 when the fioor of conservatories close to a palatial mansion will be 

 covered with marble, and (lie tubs, or rather the artistic vases, will be 

 made of the finest china, with rougher lining inside to keep them from 

 injury. Once we saw a marbled-fioored conserv-atory, and some baskets 

 of plants on it, the baskets made of common wire, green painted t 

 The finest and a different marble would have been more appropriate 

 material for pots to stand on tlie marble of such a fioor. 



BOTANICAL CONGRESS. 



The first meeting of the Botanical Congi-ess was held in the 

 Raphael Room of the South Kensington Museum, May 23, at 11 a.m., 

 Professor De Candolle in the chair. 



A very large meeting, including almost all the British and foreim 

 botanists and hoi-ticulturists present in London, assembled to hear the 



attached strong canvas, cordage, or chains, for passing under the ball Pf^^i^ent's address, and a large number of la^es graced the meeting 

 ^f +1,^ ♦ — .,„.! ♦!,.,„ *!,„*;. ^„;.^,i v^ ioTr<.vorro ir, tl,« nonai T,.»,r t ^th thciT prescncc. Befoic proceeding to the business of the meeting, 



Professor Le Candolle spoke as follows : — 



"Before I commence my addi-ess in French, allow me to say a few 

 words in English — first, as a mark of respect to this gi-eat country, 

 and next, in explanation of my views for the conduct of present and 

 future meetings of this kind. We have to choose between two alter- 

 natives : either that every member should speak in his own language, 

 or in that of the country where the congiess meets. This last method 

 would destroy the equality between members which is desirable in 

 every public assembly. Not a few would be reduced to silence, or at 

 least prevented from taking part in the discussion, and several dis- 

 tinguished men would therefore avoid international congresses. The 

 other plan of letting eveiy one speak in his o^\^l language appears to 

 be much more convenient. For these reasons I shall address yoti in 

 I French, and in doing so I establish in fact the right of every EngUsh- 

 I man to speak in English at Paris or at Berlin, at Florence or «t 

 I Vienna, under similar circumstances." 



The Secketaky then announced that the following gentlemen had 

 I been elected Vice-Presidents of the Congiess : — Professor Lecoq, 

 I Clermont Ferrand ; Dr. Weddell, Poitiers; Professor Kickx, Ghent; 

 Professor Morren, Liege; Professor Caspaiy, Konigsherg; Professor 

 Reichenbach, Hamburg; Professor Karl Koch, Berlin; Dr. Schulz 

 Bipontinns, Deidesheim ; M. Hermann Wendland, Hanover; Profys- 

 Bor Meis.^ner, Basle ; Signer Triana, New Grenada. 

 The following works were laid on the table : — 

 Dr. Hasbkarll ; a manuscript Clavis to Rhcede's '' Hortiu Mala- 

 baricus ;'" some papers from Professor Gasparini ; an illustrated work 

 on the species of Cotton, by Professor Parlatorc, &c. ; some exceedingly 

 beautiful water-colour th'awings, with analyses of fiowers, by Mr. 

 Julius Platzmaun, of Leipr^ic ; also several beautiful drawings of 

 British iilants, by Mr. W. G. Smith. 



Professor De Cajscolle then read his inaugui-al address, ou the 

 conclusion of which a vote of thanks was proposed by Sii" C. Weut- 

 worth Dilke, MP., and seconded by Sir Roderick MiucJiison, who took 

 the opportunity to allude to the philosophic views of M. De CaudoUe, 

 and to the masterly way in which he had bandied his subject. 



Mr. Bennett, on tlie i)art (tf the botanists of Britain, also tendered 

 his thanks to the eminent Chairman for the honour he had euuferrod 

 on them by presiding on the occasion, and specially fnr the preparation 

 of so admirable an address. 



of the tree, and then that is raised by leverage in the usual way. 

 Between these two iion wheels, and on the same axis, is placed a nar- 

 row wheel, notched for a racket wheel, and the turning of this with 

 handle enables the operator to place the machine backwards and for- 

 wards with very little application of physical strength. To make this 

 all the more easy when the tree is lifted and the pole brought to the 

 ground in front, a small wheel on each side these causes the whole to 

 be moved when empty or loaded with great ease. 



In Class 231 (D), for the best mode of ventilating pi ant -structures, 

 the prize was awarded to Messrs. Sanders, Frewer & Co., Bury 

 St. Edmunds, for one of Beard's patent metallic non-conducting glass 

 houses, the main features of which have been preriously described in 

 the Jounial. A small sash all along the apex is made to open by 

 leverage, and the same takes place in front ; and a distinguishing feature 

 is, tliat the opening is made close to the surface of the ground outside. 

 Tlie mode of opening and shutting all these ventilators at once is vei-y 

 simple. 



The models sent by Mr. Xewton, landscape architect, did not seem 

 simple enough to be appreciated by the Jurors, more especially as there 

 was no one to explain the objects. 



Designs for Laying out a Piuvate Gaiu>en on the scale of 

 40 feet to the inch, the space twenty acres, &c. (Class 235). — The prize 

 was awarded to J. W. Chapman, Hennitage Road, Richjnond, Surrey. 

 The object seems to have been to cluster the offices, &c., on one side 

 of the mansion, and the tiower garden ou the other side and in front 

 close to the house. Garden front, open lawn with but few trees, sides 

 skirted with masses of ehrubs in the picturesque style ; a lake in front 

 in l! e distance. Entrance through a lawn open, but sheltered, and 

 tho i^des, &c., well grouped. A good design. 



In laying out an oMong of five acres ou a scale of 10 feet to the inch, 

 the prize was awardid to Mr. Thomas J. Capani, King's Road Xurseiy, 

 Newark ; and though there was move of the luiistic shown, and there 

 was more massing at the sides of the lawn and walks through the 

 wood and shrubberies, there was the same principle of an open lawn 

 on the garden front developed and maintained. Such designs will 

 help to show the imitortan<-e of ease and breadth of view close to a 

 mansion. Dotting the lawn with flower-beds would have spoiled the 

 effect in either place. It would imjirove many places if the lawn were 

 enlarged at the expense of flower-beds, and there was more green and 

 less colour, however bright in summer, and less of dull eai-th in winter. 

 Garden Oknaments (Class232). — There were some pretty large vases 

 formed of ribs of iron and then covered with the turf to keep in the soil, ; 

 shown by Mesers. Hunt it Pickering, of Leicester ; and Italian baskets j 

 shown by Mr. Bull, of Chelsea. A certificate was awarded to vases, | 

 fountains, itc, of artificial stone, sent by Messrs. Kosher, Queen's ; 

 Road West, Chelsea. Also, to Mr. Thomas, B, Newcastle Place, and 

 133, Edgeware Road, Paddington, for wire arches, seats, temples, 

 and trainers, but chiefly for the great variety and artistic beauty of 

 many suspended wire baskets, &c. ; also, for a nice collection of nistic 

 work in wood, of seats, baskets, and tables, of the proprietor of which 

 no name was attached. Also, for some nice garden chairs with wooden- 

 sparred bottoms., but the haph done verj- artistically and nicely vrith 

 metal bronzed. There was a great variety of this style of chairs, 



Professor De Candolle briefly replied. 



Dr. SciiULZ BiroNHNus, a Vice-President of the Imperial Lcopol- 

 dino Academy, offered the congi'atnlations of that learned and aucieot 

 body to the President and members of the Botanical Congress. 



Dr. MooKE then exhibited specimens of Megacaqvea polynndra, a 

 Crucifer with fifteen stamene, which e.vcited great interest among the 

 bptanists present. 



Mr. RivEKS then made some remarks on seedling Peaches ai^d 

 Nectarines. 



Professor Caspary then spoke on the movement of the branches of 

 woody plants caused by low degrees of temperature. 



Mr. Howard's paper on the Cinchonas was then read ; and in tho 

 discussion that followed. Dr. Weddell said that be aj^provcd of tlie 

 spelling of the name of the genus a3 adopted by Tjixma^us. This 



