214 



POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES AND ANOMALOUS OSMOSIS 



"attracting" and "repelling" forces balance each other and from 

 then on the "attractive" force of the solution increases with the con- 

 centration, apparently in accordance with van't Hoff' s law. 



When, however, the collodion membrane has received a coating of 

 a protein, e.g., gelatin, the hydrogen ion concentration influences the 



o 



CM 



B 

 o 

 c 





pH 12345 6789 10 11 



Wal£rnegGtivetyd:»rged|V/ater positively charged 



12 



Fig. 1. Influence of hydrogen ion concentration on the initial rate of diffusion 

 of liquid from a solution of HNO3 or NaOH respectively through a gelatin-coated 

 membrane of coUodion into a m/256 solution of LiCl, CaClj, CeCIj, or Na2S0« 

 of the same hydrogen ion concentration. Abscissae are the initial pH; ordinates, 

 the rise of level of liquid in manometer connected with the salt solution, after 

 20 minutes. 



initial rate of diffusion of water from pure water into the solution in 

 a still more complicated way (Fig. 1). The procedure in these 

 experiments was as follows: Both the outside solution as well as 

 the inside solution had the same hydrogen ion concentration, 



