624 



ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND ANOMALOUS OSMOSIS. U 



electrometer. The details of the procedure can be found in a book 

 which is about to appear.^ 



Fig. 2 shows that the three salts, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl depress the 

 p.D. between solid gelatin chloride and the liquid with which the 

 gelatin is in equilibrium in exactly the same way, since the values 

 expressing the effect of the three salts on the p.d. lie on the same curve 

 (Fig. 2). The ordinates of these curves in Fig. 2 are the observed 



30 



25 



20 



tn 



o 



>. 15 



10 



n NN NNNNNNNN.N 

 " 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 



Concentpation ol* CI ions 



Fig. 3. Influence of NaCl, CaCU, and BaClj on p.d. between solid granules of 

 gelatin chloride and surrounding liquid at pH 3.0. Abscissae are the concentration 

 of CI; ordinates, observed p.d. The influence is the same for the three salts, prov- 

 ing that there exists only a depressing effect of the CI ion but no opposite efiect 

 of the cation. 



P.D. and the abscissae the concentrations of the salt. These curves 

 contradict the idea that the three cations, Li, Na, and K influence the 

 P.D. between gelatin and water by adsorption, and, moreover, they 



3 Loeb, J., Proteins and the theor}^ of colloidal behavior, New York and London, 

 1922. 



