1922] Forest Types 193 



less than 2 million acres from Pennsylvania southward. They are located especi- 

 ally on soils derived from sandstone and shale. 



8-9. White oak pure types, qualities 2 and 3. These types occupy not less 

 than one million acres. They are especially developed on the dryer soils derived 

 from shales and located to the west of the Blue Eidge, though they likewise occur 

 along and to the east of the Blue Eidge in northern Virginia and to the northward. 



10. Spanish oak type, quality 3. This type occupies not less than 500,000 

 acres. It is especially developed on the dryer phases of subacid soils derived 

 from gneiss between 2000 and 4000 feet altitude in the mountains of western 

 iSTorth Carolina. In south central Pennsylvania, Maryland and northern Virginia 

 it occurs at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 feet. 



11. Scrub oak type, quality sub 5. This type occurs usually in small areas, 

 the aggregate being not in excess of 50,000 acres, largely in Virginia, West 

 Virginia and to the northward. In the mountains of Virginia, West Virginia 

 and Maryland it is characteristically developed on shallow soils derived from 

 sandstones and shale. It fringes many of the shrubby barrens along the crests 

 of the Shenandoah Mountains. 



12-13. Yellow buckeye— sugar maple — yellow birch types, qualities 2 and 3. 

 This society extends southward from Roan Mountain (Appendix 16) to the Great 

 Smoky Mountains, being typically developed on north slopes between altitudes 

 of 4500 and 6000 feet. They occupy thousands of acres in the Smoky Mountains, 

 where they are at their optimum. To the northward by dilution they merge into 

 the beech — birch — maple society. 



14. Black cherry — sugar maple — mountain lin — black birch type, quality 2. 

 This type is probably at its optimum in West Virginia and Pennsylvania on 

 elevated portions (3000 to 3500 feet) of the Alleghany plateau. In North Caro- 

 lina it occurs only in patches usually between 4500 and 5500 feet. In West 

 Virginia, however, the lin ceases to be a component. 



15. Mountain lin — yellow buckeye — white ash type, quality 2. Most char- 

 acteristically developed along the eastern Appalachians in Tennessee and North 

 Carolina between 3000 and 5000 feet altitudes, prevailingly in coves and hollows. 

 It does not extend north of West Virginia. 



16-17. Yellow poplar — chestnut — red oak — hemlock types, qualities 1 and 2. 

 These are characteristic cove types of the southern Appalachians and are at 

 their optimum between southeastern Kentucky and the mountains of northern 

 Georgia. Quality 1 produces heavier yields of hardwood lumber than any other 

 association within the AUeghanian area. It is best developed between 2500 and 

 3800 feet in North Carolina and Tennessee. In middle Pennsylvania, where its 

 identity is lost, it occurs below 2000 feet altitude. 



18. Yellow poplar — white oak — black gum — red maple type, quality 3. This 

 forest type indicates the wettest site on which yellow poplar naturally gi-ows. 

 It is well developed on gravelly flats on the head of Davidson Elver, Transylvania 

 County, N. C, but is not uncommon on similar sites throughout the region. 



19. Yellow poplar — white oak — sugar maple type, quality 1. This society is 

 characteristically developed in middle Kentucky, middle Tennessee, and extends 



