1922] Forest Types 195 



western North Carolina and even occasionally as far south as Jasper County, 

 Alabama. 



33. Mountain pine — chestnut oak — black oak type, quality 4. In North Caro- 

 lina, South Carolina and northern Georgia this type is developed on heavy clay 

 soils on crests of spurs of the Blue Eidge Mountains between altitudes of 1500 

 and 3000 feet. This type occurs occasionally in the mountains of Tennessee and 

 Kentucky and probably extends nortliward to Pennsylvania. 



34-37. White pine pure, qualities super 1, 1 and 2. These types formerly 

 occupied many million acres, especially to the northward. In the Appalachians 

 they become localized and restricted in area, being best developed between 

 altitudes of 500 to 2000 feet in Pennsylvania and 3000 to 4000 feet in Tennessee 

 and North Carolina. They are the exponent of sandy or gravelly soil phases. 

 In many places in the Appalachians they intergrade with hemlock qualities 1 and 

 2, as is the case in the Shady Valley, Tennessee, and other nearby valleys, or 

 (No. 37) into chestnut — white oak as in the upper valley of the Linville Kiver in 

 North Carolina and Horse Creek Valley in Blount County, Tennessee, quality 1. 



38. Black pine — chestnut oak — Spanish oak type, quality 4. Characteristically 

 a type of sandy or gravelly soils; in the extreme south on northwest slopes at 

 higher altitudes but to the northward seeking other exposures and level sites. 



FOREST TYPES OF CAROLINIAN AREA WITHIN THE APPALACHIANS 



In the Carolinian area of the Upper Austral Life Zone the fol- 

 lowing forest types are represented : 



1. Eosemary pine — black oak — white hickory type, quality 2. A widely dis- 

 tributed type throughout the Piedmont, occupying not less than 5 million acres, 

 and the source of much yellow pine timber. In the Valley of Virginia it ascends 

 to an altitude of 1100 feet; and in the Asheville Basin to 2600 feet. Its identity 

 is lost in western Maryland and southern Pennsylvania. 



2. Eosemary pine — post oak type, quality 3. A widely distributed type in the 

 Piedmont. In the mountains it is largely restricted to low ridges in North 

 Carolina, Tennessee and southward and does not ascend above 2500 feet in North 

 Carolina. 



3. Eosemary pine — blackjack oak type, quality 4. Widely distributed in the 

 Piedmont. In the Appalachians it is largely limited to low ridges, seldom 

 ascending above 2000 feet in North Carolina, Tennessee and southward; or 1100 

 feet in Augusta County, Virginia. 



4. Black oak — southern red oak — wliite oak — sand hickory type, quality 2. 

 Best developed at the lower altitudes and on dryer sites on the Cumberland, 

 Plateau of Tennessee and to be southward in Alabama, specially on calcarious 

 sandy soils. 



5. Spotted oak — black oak — northern red oak — chinquapin oak — southern 

 sugar maple — Biltmore ash type, quality 3. At the southern end of the Alle- 

 ghany ranges this is a common society on slopes and in hollows on soil derived 

 from limestone. It is doubtful if it extends northward beyond Kentucky. 



