10 Jan., 1919.] America and Australia Coinpared. 11 



throughout the spring and summer. In all cases the grazing is supple- 

 mented either by maize or maize and tankage (meat meal from the 

 packing houses). To reduce labour costs to a minimum, the maize 

 and tankage are supplied in " self feeders/' which provide a continuous 

 supply of grain and meat meal to the pig, on the principle of the auto- 

 matic feeders used in poultry houses. 



Maize is the principal fattening food for pigs in the United States. 

 The young pig requires a narrow ration — one part of protein to five 

 parts of carbohydrates and fat. The grazing on lucerne or clover will 

 supply the pig with an abundance of the cheapest of all proteins. 



As the pig approaches marketable age, it requires a ration of one 

 part of protein to eight or nine of heat and fat producing ingredients. 

 Hence maize, which has a nutritive ratio of approximately 1 to 9, makes 

 an ideal food for fattening. 



In Canada, the production of bacon for the English market is a 

 profitable industry. The Yorkshire, Tamworth, and Berkshire breeds 

 are used almost universally. The climatic conditions in Canada are 

 unfavorable for maize, but very favorable for barley production. Hence 

 the Canadians produce bacon by grazing pigs on clover, rape, and lucerne 

 pasture, and using barley as the supplementary grain feed. In this 

 way they are able to compete with the bacon produced from the cheap 

 maize in the United States. 



The extension of the pig industry in Victoria could be greatly assisted 

 by the more extensive use of pastures for grazing purposes, the more 

 extensive use of Cape barley as a supplementary grain feed, and by 

 using the labour-saving " self-feeders " in association with the pastures. 



Agricultural Education. 



I stated that the advance of nations in prosperity and power de- 

 pended partly on the natural resources they possessed, and partly on the 

 ability of the people to exploit those resources. 



Progress in the development of the material resources of a nation 

 depends rather on the trained ability of its leaders than on that of the 

 rank and file. The Americans, therefore, have promoted higher educa- 

 tion in all its branches in order to be furnished with a supply of able 

 scientists, engineers, chemists, organizers and administrators, on whose 

 .activity the future of the nation largely depends. 



The Puritans who founded the American colonies were keenly 

 interested in national education. The fathers of the Republic believed 

 that only a well-informed and well-educated nation could be happy, 

 prosperous and free, and they always acted in accordance with that 

 conviction. From the earliest days the expenditure of the Americans 

 on education has been prodigious, and it has been increasing more and 

 more rapidly in recent years. 



Last year the nation spent £122,000,000 on education — twice as 

 much as Great Britain spent on the Army and IN'avy the year before the 

 war. The United States spent on education as much as Great Britain 

 spent prior to the war under the Budget on its Army, Navy, whole Civil 

 Service, public education, national insurance, and interest and sinking 

 fund on the National Debt. 



The willingness to provide liberally for education, no matter whether 

 it be elementary, high school education, or the training of the artisan, 



