10 Jan., 1919. J America and Australia Compared. 17 



Some idea of what a single experiment station has accomplished 

 during the last century may be obtained by considering the results 

 obtained at Wisconsin. 



It is demonstrable that the added wealth of the State of "Wisconsin 

 each year, as a result of the activities of the experiment station, is 

 many times the whole appropriation made by Wisconsin for agricultural 

 education. 



Of the seven tests widely used in dairying, six originated at the 

 Wisconsin station. The Babcock fat test, invented in 1890, 

 furnished a simple means of paying for milk on the basis of 

 quality and for detecting fraud. It saved the factory system of butter- 

 making from ruin. This test permits of a more careful control of 

 factory processes than formerly, thus saving more than half of the 

 fat formerly lost in the skim milk produced in creamery operations. 

 For Wisconsin alone this amounts annually to a saving of over 1,500,000 

 lbs. of butter. The greatest service of the Babcock fat test, however, 

 has been in making possible the improvement of dairy cows by eliminat- 

 ing unprofitable animals, and thus giving a scientifically accurate 

 foundation for dairying. 



The Wisconsin curd test detects the quality of milk as to taints. 

 The casein test, invented in 1909, registers the casein content, which is 

 of importance in determining the proper value of milk for cheese- 

 making. 



Many improvements in dairy processes relating to the pasteurization 

 of milk, curing of cheese, have originated at this station. 



These tests and experiments made at the Experiment Station, which 

 together form the most important contribution ever made to the science 

 of dairying, and the work of the Wisconsin Dairy School, have enabled 

 Wisconsin to gain the first rank among the States of the United States 

 in the production of both cheese and butter. 



Since the Babcock fat test was discovered, the value of the dairy 

 products of the State has increased from £4,000,000 to £16,000,000 per 

 annum. It cannot be doubted that a considerable percentage of this 

 increase has been due to the campaign of investigation and education 

 which has been carried on by the University. 



One of the greatest possible improvements in agricultural produc- 

 tion is through the substitution of improved seed for scrub varieties. 

 Beginning about 1898, efforts were made to develop seeds adapted 

 especially to Wisconsin soil and climatic conditions. 



iN'ew varieties of maize, barley, and oats have been evolved at the 

 station, and have added millions of bushels annually to the yields of 

 Wisconsin fields. 



Wisconsin has now achieved leadership in the production of dairy 

 products, cheese and butter, among the American States. Despite 

 many disadvantages, she now occupies first place among the States 

 " for output of dairy products. That Wisconsin's dairy production has 

 quadrupled during the last twenty years is due chiefly to the leadership 

 and work of the dairy school of the experiment station. In addition to 

 the output of dairy products, Wisconsin's cereal yield is considerable. 

 Though only two-thirds the size of Victoria, and though the northern 

 half of the State is mostly poor land in need of drainage, Wisconsin, 

 besides producing £16,000,000 worth of dairy produce, raises 100,000,000 



