126 Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 Feb., 1919. 



dam at foaling, or soon afterwards. As the foal grows older day by 

 day the quantity of milk may be increased, and whole milk used later, 

 and the number of feeds decreased till, according to his thrift, he is 

 doing well with six feeds a day, and then with four. If he has done 

 well and is coming along satisfactorily, at the end of three weeks he 

 should be drinking his milk and lime water out of a bucket, the sugar 

 being eliminated at that age, but continuing the use of lime water with 

 the milk. It is as well not to let him have all the milk he wants. If at 

 first he starts scouring, stop the milk and give him 2 oz. of castor oil, 

 and let him drink the sugar and lime water in plain water instead of 

 milk. If, later, after he has become accustomed to the milk, he begins 

 to scour, always stop the milk, substitute warm water and give castor 

 oil in doses determined by the size and age of the foal. Keep fresh 

 water so that he may drink at will, and watch closely for signs of 

 scouring. It is a sure sign of indigestion, and castor oil is the best 

 remedy. As soon as posisible encourage the foal to eat such solid food 

 as oatmeal, crushed oats, bran, a little oil meal, and clover hay. When 

 he is a month old he will begin to nibble at grain, sometimes earlier. At 

 first give him oatmeal — a mere trifle to commence on, and gradually 

 increase the quantity as his appetite grows, and when six weeks old add 

 a trifle of bran to the ration. At two months old some sweet skim-milk 

 may be substituted for the new milk, and at three months the new milk 

 may be discontinued, and the youngster given about all the sweet 

 separator milk he will drink three times a day. By that time he will 

 be eating quite a bit of oats and bran, and he should have all the bruised 

 grain and bran — proportion of one-fifth bran by weight — he will clean 

 up. Let him have grass as soon as he will nibble it. Never offer him 

 sour milk, nor milk from uncleanly utensils. Pet and coddle him all 

 you can. Let him run in a safe enclosure with some company — even 

 a friendly calf will answer the purpose well enough. Let him run free, 

 and bear with him in his mischievous fun. He is only larking, and 

 intends no harm. It is no miracle-working wonder that is required to 

 rear a motherless foal successfully; jusc — as we said before — infinite 

 patience. — Otago Witness, ISTew Zealand. 



ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. 



E. E. Pescott, F.L.S., Pomologist. 

 The Orchard. 



Young Trees. 



Young trees of the Citrus family should now be making a good, 

 thrifty growth. The foliage should be glossy, and its general appearance 

 a bright green and healthy one. Occasional light waterings, as well as 

 mulching of grass, or of well-rotted manure, will be helpful to the trees. 



Young deciduous fruit trees will also benefit by having a grass or 

 manure mulch; and, if it has not previously been attended to, junneces- 

 sary growths in the centre of the tree and on the main leaders should be 

 removed. 



