290 Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 May, 1919. 



Hereunder are details of the yields obtained from the apple trees 

 upon which experiments were made: — 



Jonathan. 

 Eighteen trees sprayed with lime-sulphur — 



1st spraying, 1 in 12, on 19th September, 1917. 

 2nd spraying, 1 in 30, on 1st October, 1917. 

 First picking on 27th February, 1918, gave — 

 22 cases clean and good; 



4 apples with slight spot, but marketable: 

 16 apples with spot, but marketable: 

 9 cases of windfalls, all good. 

 Second picking on 21st March. 1918 — 

 46 cases good and clean; 

 20 cases with black spot; .^.^ 



3 apples with codlin moth; 

 2 cases windfalls, all clean. 



One Jonathan tree sprayed once, 1 in 12, on 19th September, 

 1917, picked 21st March, 1918— 



4 cases clean and good ; 

 39 a^pples with black spot; 



5 apples with black spot, but marketable; 

 2 apples with codlin moth; 



1 case windfalls, all good. 

 Jonathan check tree, no spray, picked 21st March, 1918 — 



1 case of marketable, slightly marked with black spot ; 



4 cases badly spotted, unmarketable. 

 The average number of Jonathan apples to the case was 186." 



Plate 195 illustrates the condition of the Jonathan blooms when 

 the first and second 'Spray wei*e applied. 



The other varieties experimented with "vvere London Pippin, Rome 

 Beauty, Statesman, Rokewood, and Yates, in the case of which some- 

 what similar results were obtained. For particulars concerning these 

 see the journal referred to in the footnote. 



Owing to the process of jDollination and fertilization, wfhich have 

 been previously explained, it will be understood that the trees should 

 not, if possible, be sprayed with caustic mixtures while in the full- 

 bloom stage, and particularly in cases where cross-pollination is desired. 

 This precaution is necessary in order to maintain the healthy condition 

 of the sexual organs of the flowers, and thus facilitate the work of bees 

 and other helpful insects. 



Combination Spuays. 

 While dealing with the matter of spraying for _,ins(ect pests and 

 fungus diseases, it might be well to mention that, although the majority 

 of our apple-growers spray separately for codlin moth and black spot, 

 some employ the combination sprays. These constitute Bordeaux mix- 

 ture combined with arsenate of lead, and lime-sulphur-arsenate of lead. 

 These dual-purpose mixtnres are mostly applied at the second and sub- 

 sequent sprayings for codlin moth to save the time and labour involved 

 in using separate fungicides to cope with black spot at those periods. 



