294 



Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 May, 1919. 



also be practised Avtlien forwarding apples without wrappers to Inter- 

 State markets, as the moisture due to the deterioration present in and 

 radiating from a diseased fruit, offers the condition favorable to the 

 rot commencing in others, especially if they be in a sweating condition. 



Crinkle. 



This disease, the presence of which is indicated by comparatively 

 extensive dark depressions in the surface of the apple, is responsible, 

 during seasons when unusually prevalent, for the destruction of a high 

 percentage of -the fruit, particularly of varieties most subject to its 

 attack. The diseased portion, during normal seasons, is mostly con- 

 fined to one side, and usually inclines towards the calyx' end of the 

 apple, the stem end being only rarely affected. In seasons of virulent 

 infection, however, numerous specimens with but little sound surface 

 or healthy pulp are common in the orchards. London Pippin and 

 Rome Beauty are the two varieties most subject to crinkle, and much 

 of this fruit was destroyed bv this disease during fhe seasons 1907 to 



Plate 197. — London Pippin Apple, showing Crinkle. 



1911. But the climax was reached in 1912, when the visitation was 

 followed by such disastrous results that only a very small percentage 

 of the crop of the varieties mentioned was worth harvesting. This had 

 the effect of considerably resti'icting the planting of these varieties, and 

 particularly the London Pippin; but, although crinkle is present every 

 fruit season, the damage caused by it in recent years has not been very 

 serious. 



Usually the crinkle or confluent bitter pit, as it is now sometimes 

 termed, is so highly developed in the affected apples by the time they 

 are fully grown and before ripening commences, that its presence is 



