10 June, 1919.] Dairying Industry of United States. 325 



known as Missouri Rioter. Since then tlie lierd has not been in- 

 creased by the purchase of females, and new blood has been introduced 

 only by the purchase of bulls. For the past 26 years complete milk and 

 butter-fat records have been kept for each cow in the herd. 



The records of the progeny of three bulls used in this herd are 

 interesting. In the case of Missouri Rioter 3rd, the actual increase 

 which he gave to each of his daughters over their dams was 323 gallons 

 of milk and 156 lbs. of butter-fat yearly, as shown in the following 

 table : — • 



TABLE SHOWING PERFORMANCE OF PROGENY OF MISSOURI RIOTER 3rD 

 AS COMPARED WITH THEIR DAMS. 



On the other hand, the progeny of Missouri Rioter, the father of 

 Missouri Rioter 3rd, showed a decrease in milk yield of 99 gallons, and 

 of fat 18 lbs., as compared with their dams. 



Another bull — Brown Bessie's Register — proved to be an even greater 

 detriment to the herd. His progeny gave an laverage yield of 174 gallons 

 less milk and 76 lbs. less fat than the average yield of their dams. 



These are interesting cases, illustrating in a remarkable way the 

 influence of good and bad bulls on a herd of pure-bred Jerseys. These 

 records are the more valuable because they have been kept continuously 

 for over a quarter of a century. 



They show, too, the importance of using 'a tested bull to improve a 

 herd. By a tested bull is meant one that has daughters that are in milk. 



High class tested bulls and high producing cows are relatively few 

 in number. When such bulls have been discovered, they can greatly 

 improve the heiids even of common or grade cows. In every famous 

 herd the success may be attributed to sires of outstanding merit. The 

 influence of a good sire on the milk records of his progeny is so great 

 as to warj-ant the dairyman placing an extremely high value on his 

 services. 



Improvements in Scrub Herds. 



One of the most important investigations on the subject of improve- 

 ment of common herds by the use of tested bulls Avhich came under my 

 notice were those undertaken by the Iowa Agricultural Experiment 

 Station. 



The great mass of dairymen cannot afford to establish pure-bred 

 herds. There are not enough pure-bred animals to go round. They 

 can, however, purchase one good sire. The object of the Iowa investiga- 

 tion was to determine the influence of a pure-bred dairy sire in increasing 

 the production from a foundation herd of scrub cows. 



Scrub cows from an isolated and backward region of Arkansas were 

 seleeted as a foundation herd. These scrub cows were mated with 



