10 July, 1919.] Reminders. 447 



to control a certain insect or disease may be in vain. That the high 

 prices which prevail lat present result in a greater tendency to econo- 

 mize in material and a consequent lessening of efficiency, is a reason- 

 able supposition. 



In all spraying there is nothing of greater importance than 

 thoroughness of application of the spray material. Insect pesits of all 

 kinds, but especially the scales and aphids, breed very rapidly, and 

 the nearer one can come to killing 100 per cent, when spraying, the 

 beitter will the spraying pay. On the other hand, a very large per- 

 centage, for example, 80 or 90 per cent, of the individuals of a certain 

 pest may be destroyed, while the 10 or 20 per cent, remaining will in a 

 few days' time reproduce to such an extent that the value of the spray 

 will not be noticeable. In other words, a' desire to save a small amount 

 of spray material to lessen the cost of spraying an orchard may result 

 in almost an entire loss o«f time, money, and labour utilized in making 

 the application. If spray materials are high and the orchardist feels 

 ■that he cannot afford to buy a sufficient quantity to spray the orchard 

 thoroughly, he would do better if he would spray only half the orchard, 

 using a sufficient -amount of material per tree to get results, than to 

 spray the entire orchard with only one-half enough material. 



Therefore, no matter how high the price of insecticides or fungi- 

 cides may become, a lesser quiantity of dilute spray should not be con- 

 sidered. Instead, there should be some very oareful experiments to 

 determine the minimum strengths that may be used successfully. — The 

 Monthly Bulletin, State Commission of Horticulture, California, 

 U.S.A.' 



REMINDERS FOR AUGUST. 



Live Stock. 



Horses. — -The feeding and general management of horses recommended for 

 July will also apply for this month. Horses, more especially young ones, 

 running on low-lying country are liable to become affected with internal para- 

 sites. This will be recogiiised by the unthrifty and poor condition of the 

 animals; in such cases medicinal treatment will be necessary. If the follow- 

 ing lick be made available, it will not only be of great assistance in preventing 

 serious invasion, but in cases Avhere worms are not in large numbers, the 

 repulsion of them from the intestinal tract will result: — 



TAck. 

 20 parts salt. 

 10 do. lime. 

 1 do. sulphate of iron. 



If possible, be with mares at foaling, so that the navel cord may be properly 

 tied and thoroughly treated with antiseptic, and thus prevent that very fatal 

 disease, navel or joint ill. Wash cord with one part of corrosive sublimate 

 to 3,000 of water, and soon after paint with tincture of iodine. The iodine 

 treatment must continue till the cord has completely dried up. 



Cattle. — Cows should still be rugged, but coverings should be removed fre- 

 quently, in order to enable the animal to get rid of the old coat; or, better 

 still, a good curry-combing may be given. Continue hay or straw. Look up 

 treatment for milk fever in Year-Book of Agriculture, 1905, and treat cattle 

 accordingly. Give calves a good warm dry shed. Give the milk to young calves 

 at blood heat. Have feeding troughs or buckets clean. Don't over-feed. Feed 

 regularly with regard to quantity and time. Provide a good grass run, or 

 fine hay or crushed oats in a box or trough. Give a cupful of limewater per 

 calf per day in the milk. The problem with many at the present time is how 

 to rear calves without milk. This can be done very Avell by starting them on 



