PERIODICAL LITERATURE 12T 



Der KriegsausscJiuss filr pflanzlichc unci tierischc Oele und Fette. This 

 committee has succeeded in developing manufacturing methods which 

 eliminate the use of rosin in many industries. Economies in the use of 

 rosin in paper manufacturing were begun even before the war, when 

 the price of rosin rose about 6 per cent, and the reduced consumption 

 made the effective increase only from i to 2 per cent, with no sacrifice 

 in the quality of the paper. No news paper made in Germany is now 

 sized with rosin, and even high-grade papers made by the war emer- 

 gency process (the Zellkoll-Amal method) contain no rosin. The resin 

 division of the bureau is headed by a forester, Dr. G. Munch. Local 

 forest supervisors have charge of the gathering of the resin, which is 

 distilled in previously existing fish-oil extraction plants, from which it 

 is distributed to the industries under supervision of the bureau. The 

 resin is obtained from common pine and spruce. Pure stands of pine, 

 avoiding stands with an understory of spruce, are orcharded. Full 

 crowned, rapidly growing stands, with no shade-producing under- 

 growth on southern or warm exposures give the best yields. To avoid 

 the loss of timber in the butt log, timber that is to be cut within a ten- 

 year period is selected. 



The "Grandel" method of orcharding is commonly used, though the 

 "swallow nest" and "boring" methods are also used to a limited extent. 

 The cup-and-gutter method was abandoned, due to the difficulty of get- 

 ting a sufficient supply of cups. The "Grandel" method is essentially 

 similar to the American boxing method, but the faces are cut much 

 narrower and there is only one horizontal streak at the top of the face. 

 Three to five faces are cut on each tree, leaving at least 20 cm. of bark 

 between each face. On leaning trees the faces are cut with the aid of 

 a plumb-line. The faces are about 12.5 cm. wide, and when first cut 

 extend about 15 cm. above the boxes, which are placed as near the 

 ground line as possible to avoid the destruction of timber in the butt 

 log. The outer edges of the boxes are extended with strips of gal- 

 vanized iron about 4 cm. wide, wedged into grooves that are cut in the 

 edges of the boxes. The season for pine begins about the first of May 

 and continues until the early part of October. The faces and boxes are 

 usually cut several weeks before the season begins, to allow traumatic 

 resin ducts to form before the resin begins to flow. .\s soon as about 

 a teaspoonful of resin is produced in a day, chipping begins. Tn chip- 

 ping, a narrow strip about 0.5 cm. wide is cut from the streak with a 

 razor-edged tool, as it has been found that the use of a dull tool will 

 greatly reduce the yield. Care is taken to make a slanting cut on the 

 streak, so that as mam t-nds of resin (huts as possible are exposed. 



