230 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



indigenous broadleaved species was also tested, dogwood bark yielding 

 1.6 per cent, cottonwood bark 4.7 per cent, and red alder bark 3.3 per 

 cent; but the value of the extracts from these three barks is rather 

 doubtful. The dogwood extract seems to be of some possible value as 

 a dye, but no mordant for this dye is suggested in the article. 



B. L. G. 



Annual Report of the Director of Forestry of the Philippine Islands. 

 Fiscal year ended December 31, 1916. Manila, 1917. Pp. 83. 



Progress in forest work of many kinds is recorded in this report, 

 especially along the lines of trail mapping, forest surveys, reforesta- 

 tion, and the establishment of forest zones and commercial forests. 



The importance of the trail work can scarcely be realized by one 

 unfamiliar with conditions in the islands. During the early days of the 

 American occupation there were practically no maps of the forest areas, 

 and when the Bureau of Forestry began its work it was impossible to 

 locate logging areas without a survey from some known point on the 

 coast. In fact, large areas of forest had never been penetrated by 

 white men. Although army engineers mapped many areas adjacent to 

 military posts, it was left largely to foresters to penetrate and roughly 

 map the interior forest areas — a work which was early started by the 

 Bureau. 



The present report shows that 7,500 kilometers of trail notes have 

 been filed in the Manila office, and notes for 1,700 additional kilometers 

 are pending. More than 5,000 kilometers of trail notes have been 

 plotted on the base maps, which are not only invaluable, from an ad- 

 ministrative point of view, to the Bureau, but also are of great service 

 to other departments of the Government. 



As in previous years, the Bureau of Forestry has devoted consider- 

 able time to the inspection of private woodlands owners of which desire 

 to have registered. More than 16 per cent of the total area registered 

 during the last 17 years was registered in 1916, the average size of 

 holdings last year being about 1,400 hectares. The registry of such 

 lands with the Bureau of Forestry is required previous to the exploita- 

 tion of the forest resources, and careful surveys of the property, with 

 detailed data on the timber present, is needed in order to prevent the 

 fraudulent use of public timber on adjacent lands. 



Another phase of land work of importance is the examination of 

 public lands, for which application has been made under the homestead 

 laws. A brief glance at the list of enumerated causes for dispute in 



