PJeRIODICAI. LITERATURE 245 



UTILIZATION, MARKET, AND TECHNOLOGY 



In a well-illustrated article Samuel J. Record 



Value discusses the use of Douglas fir for structural 



of purposes. He speaks of the two distinct forms 



Douglas Fir of the tree which are recognized, namely, the 



Rocky Mountain form and the Pacific Coast form : 



"They would be considered distinct species did they not in portions of their 

 range intergrade and lose their identity. Even the coast form of Douglas fir is 

 not uniform in quality, and lumbermen recognize two kinds, known as red fir and 

 yellow fir. In the denser stands the trees grow rapidly in height, but slowly in 

 diameter, and the fine-grained, light, yellowish wood which results is the so-called 

 yellow fir. Where the stands are more open and the trees can get more light 

 the increase in diameter is correspondingly greater and the wider annual rings 

 are reddish in color and exhibit more contrast between the soft open spring 

 wood and the dense flinty material produced later in the season ; this is the 

 red fir of the lumberman. That the difference is mainly due to rate of growth 

 is attested by the fact that the same tree may produce the red or coarse grade 

 of material in early life, when diameter growth is rapid, and the yellow or fine 

 grade later, when the annual rings become narrower, as they do in old trees. 

 Thus a log may yield yellow fir from the outside and red fir from the interior. 

 The mountain form does not exhibit this difiference, and even the fine-grained 

 wood is red and hard." 



Speaking of a\ailal)lc supplies of Douglas fir, an estimate of 500 

 billion board feet is made, and the statement that "there is enough of 

 the coast form to supply the demands for an untold number of years 

 to come. Certainly this generation will not see any scarcity of it. 

 though the waste in logging and through fire is excessive." 



A. B. R. 



Douglas fir. The American .Xrchitect, Vol. CXII, No. 2185, November 7. 

 191 7, PP- 329-333- 



I'rof. (justav Lundberg, of the Swedish Col- 



Future of lege of Forestry, in a lecture delivered l>efore 



Spruce in the Paper and Cellulose Engineers' .\ssociation 



Szveden (jn I'ebruar}- 17, 1917. niade the following 



illuminating observations regarding the place of 



spruce in Swedish forestry : 



"For the pulp industry, the same as for all other wood-consuming industries, 

 times are coming when the competition for the raw material will he a question of 

 life and death, or, to some mills, to be or not to be. But in order to be able in 

 due time to estimate those conditions and as a result face them with more case. 



