ki;-i;.\i"(^kcj;mkxt of iiariavoou wckjdlots 331 



the Oberlin Alunicipal Forest in 1904 have been entirely destroyed. 

 On this forest is a native woodland severely grazed prior to 1902. Six 

 years after the live stock was excluded a seeding of ironwood, blue 

 beech, and sugar maple became established on a portion of the tract. 

 One-year seedlings of locust (18 to 24 inches) were introduced into 

 this seedling at the rate of 1,200 per acre. Seventy-five per cent sur- 

 vived rather unfavorable soil conditions at the time of planting. The 

 natural seeding ranged from i to 2 feet in height. The locust devel- 

 oped satisfactorily and succeeded in maintaining crown freedom. No 

 liberation was necessary, although competition with the associate 

 growth was keen. The borer infestations were practically nil. A locust 

 planting under similar conditions was made in an oak woodlot in south- 

 western Ohio, but on better-drained soil than that at Oberlin. At ap- 

 proximately 25 years the trees have attained a diameter of 8 inches 

 and a height of 45 feet and are of excellent form. There was no 

 evidence of borer infestation. Neighboring plantations were severely 

 injured or destroyed. Other plantings under similar conditions may 

 be cited as evidential value to support the claim that the species may be 

 successfully handled in mixture where it will fail in pure plantation, 

 providing, of course, there is no interference from the overwood 

 crowns. The character of the tree appeals to the farmer ; and its gen- 

 eral use under favorable conditions seems advisable if, as there is reason 

 to believe, borer infestations can be minimized. 



The osage orange, owing to its tolerant character, would seehi more 

 adaptable for interplanting than the locust. The species is difficult to 

 establish under sod conditions and it does not tolerate a wide range of 

 soils. Its undesirable form in pure plantation, however, can be ma- 

 terially improved when intermixed with associates of natural seeding. 

 Introduction should succeed the reservation from live stock within one 

 or two seasons in order to prevent undue competition. 



Re-enforcement with catalpa has on the whole not been satisfactory 

 to date. Introductions in open woodlots on warm limestone soils in 

 south Ohio have been successful. The species has two characteristics 

 which tend to minimize its usefulness for this purpose. It is extremely 

 intolerant and it recovers slowly from the effects of transplanting in sod. 

 It is prone to be outgrown on heavy mineral clays and deficient sandy 

 soils by the natural seeding. Since heavy sods are characteristic of 

 many open woodlots, the species must be introduced soon after grazing 

 ceases, in this eveiU it may become established soon enough to out- 

 strip its competitors. At the Oberlin Forest one-year seedlings, 18 to 

 24 inches, were intcrplanted in a natural seeding of ironwood and sugar 



