590 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



tabulated the revenues have not yet recouped the expenditure, but espe- 

 cially the good showing which the year of the report exhibits permits 

 the hope that receipts will soon balance expenditures. 



In these 41 years the expenditures have been not quite two million 

 dollars, while the receipts aggregate a little over one million. 



Curiously enough, our Pinus insiguis, the remarkable pine of Cali- 

 fornia, a species which by its very confined range might be considered 

 decadent, has been most successfully employed in the planting, yielding 

 most satisfactory material for fruit boxes, filling a ven,^ important need. 

 Since the first plantation became utilizable in 1903. nearly 6oa.ooo 

 cases, worth Sioo.ooo. have been cut. This pine in 33 years makes 

 diameters 18 to 24 inches, with heights of 90 feet, and is ready for 

 cutting for this use. 



For the last 35 years free distribution of trees for private planting 

 has taken place, and altogether nearly 10 million trees have been dis- 

 tributed to 50,000 persons. 



^^'e note in the expenditures an allowance of S8.000 for a school of 

 forestrv and a small allowance for investigative work. 



B. E. F. 



Effects of Grazing upon Western Y cUozc-pine Reproduction in the 

 National Forests of Arizona and Xezc Mexico. By R. R. Hill. U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Bulletin 580. Washing- 

 ton. D. C. 1917. 



For 30 years, or even longer, there has been a marked difference of 

 opinion regarding the effect of grazing on the natural reproduction of 

 yellow pine in Arizona and Xew ^lexico. It is but natural that the 

 users of the forest range should minimize the effects of grazing, while 

 those engaged in the study of reproduction should deplore the damage 

 directly or indirectly due to grazing. 



The bulletin under review. Avritten by a grazing examiner of the 

 Forest Service, presents the results of a study to determine the char- 

 acter and extent of damage to yellow-pine reproduction in the South- 

 west from the grazing of live-stock in order to determine how to reduce 

 such damage to a minimum while permitting the utilization of the 

 forage. 



An intensive study was made on the Coconino National Forest, where 

 grazing and timber conditions are typical of the yellow-pine forests of 

 the entire Southwest and where natural reproduction is uncertain and 

 often difficult to attain. After a preliminary reconnaissance in 1910 a 



