REVIEWS 595 



ice were all more or less continued. Mr. R. H. Campbell, the Director, 

 summarizes these activities on 26 pages, the details being found in six 

 separate reports by officers in charge. These activities cover the ad- 

 ministration of the 23 million acres of forest reserves, organized in 

 four districts — fire protection, planting and nurseries, surveys, forest 

 products investigations, and gathering of statistics. The generous (for 

 the time) appropriation of $750,000 w^as not all spent; a mathematical 

 comparison brings the expenditure to a little over 3 cents per acre, 

 while the income is almost nominal, less the $43,000. which is due to 

 the sorry fact that the timber licenses covering the reservations before 

 they were established are not under the administration of the Forest 

 Service. 



From the statistical part we learn that the war did not much reduce 

 the total cut and value of forest products in the Dominion, their value 

 in 1916 amounting to $172,830,000, the falling off in lumber ($66,075.- 

 000) being compensated for by an increase in pulpwood ($19,975,000) 

 and ties. It is interesting to note that fuel wood ($62,000,000) was 

 valued at almost the same amount as lumber, lath, and shingles. 



The exploratory surveys, which are carried on to find the areas that 

 ought to be kept as forest reserves, if continued in the same way as 

 hitherto, will be finished in three or four years ; their average cost has 

 been 60 cents per square mile. 



Reforestation was begun on one of the reserves in the prairie dis- 

 tricts to a more than experimental extent, namely. 2"/ acres, besides 

 experimental planting of four acres, each in half-acre plots, in three 

 other reserves, Scotch i)ine. jack pine, white spruce, and caragana being 

 used, seedlings and transplants, the larger plantation costing $9.93 per 

 acre for seedlings and $20.75 ^'^i' transplants — a rather expensive per- 

 formance with home-grown material in a spacing of four by four. The 

 two main nurseries, containing over 9,000.000 plants of species fit for 

 use mainly in shelterwood planting (seedlings and cuttings of maple, 

 ash, caragana, willow. Russian poplar, and a small number of trans- 

 plants of Scotch, jack and lodgepole pines, and white spruce), distrib- 

 uted nearly that number to 4.627 ajjplicants. free of charge, so that an 

 average- (jf 1,6X4 ])lants to the applicant was attained. This planting is 

 followed u]) by nine inspectors, making sure ihat instruclions arc fol- 

 lowed. This (k'partnienl has nearly trebled in number of plants dis- 

 tributed in the last '[\\i^ years and is undouhledh ctTeclixc. 



The administrative reports i)f the district inspi'ctors show especially 

 ])r()gress in perfecting accessibility by roads and trails and fire protec- 

 tion by lookouts and telephones and organization of patrols. Due to 



