PERIODICAL LITERATURE 609 



mers, which ripen the wood in time before fall frosts. The existence 

 of specimens in southern Norway and at altitudes of over 2,400 feet 

 in northern Hungary are assuring. For calcareous soils, however, 

 which abound in the war zone, it is not suitable, but the shrapnel holes 

 in the Tertiary formation will be useful if immediately planted with 

 locust for rapid wood production in mixture with sycamore or with 

 Austrian pine. The method proposed is to dig holes, 8-inch cube, in 

 the fall, tilling the earth back in May, and sowing the seed mixed with 

 oats or barley, the reason for which latter addition is not stated. 



Revue des Eaux et Forets, September, 191 7, pp. 257-261. 



Gravatt and Colley have made the disturbing 

 Blister Rust discovery, by expermient and otherwise, that 

 on urediniae of Cronartiiim ribicola develop on the 



Ribes sfeiiis of Ribcs hirtclluui. 'Phis discovery com- 



IVood plicates the already difficult problem of detecting 



the disease on Ribes, since, even when defoliated, 

 the disease may exist. Moreover, it is strong evidence that the dis- 

 ease can winter over on Ribes. 



Science, XLVI, 1917, pp. 314-315. 



Dr. Fankhauser recites the troubles which have 

 Alpine been experienced in Switzerland in reforestation 



Silviculture of alpine situations and proposes quite revolu- 



tionar\- ]:)roceeding. 

 When, some 40 years ago, the Swiss government began the estab- 

 lishment of ])rotective forest on absolute forest soil in the high .Alps, 

 there was no experience to base the procedure on. Setting out stout 

 transplants, which in the plain and hill country had been most success- 

 ful, seemed tn be the right thing. The first trouble was that the plants, 

 being grown in nurseries at lower altitudes, were ready for planting 

 before the ])lanting ground was free from snow. Lifting the plants 

 in the fall and heeling in near the planting ground spoiled the plants, 

 due to the snow fungus (Herpotrichia nigra) and snow pressure. Lift- 

 ing in spring and heeling in under snow dried out the roots, tieeling 

 in the ground as it thawed necessitated the repetition of the process 

 several times before they reached the planting ground, with conse(|uent 

 losses. 



Kstablishing tuuseries at higher altitudes brought other troubles, 

 among which were damage from heaving; difficulty and expense in 



