763 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Per thousand 



Scotch pine, 2/0, 56 to square foot. $0.99 



White pine. 3/0, 60-go to square foot i . 66 



Pitch pine, 2/0, 80 to square foot 89 



White pine, 2/0, 70 to square foot I • 06 



Norwaj- spruce, 2/0, 35 to square foot i .65 



Using 900 to 1,200 of such seedlings per acre, the total plantation 

 cost varies from $3.53 to $9.22 per acre. In 1916 the average cost per 

 acre of all State plantations was $6.10. 



Four large and 22 small nurseries are maintained on the State For- 

 ests. The tendency is toward the concentration of production in the 

 larger nurseries because of the economies made possible in large-scale 

 production. Where peculiar site conditions make the large nursery- 

 advisable, such nurseries will be maintained. Examples of such nur- 

 series are the Cross Fork and Pump Station nurseries. The first is 

 valuable for educational purposes and because of its remoteness, saving 

 transportation; and the second because of its utilization of labor and 

 nearness to large planting cleared areas. Of the annual production 

 less than 7 per cent is grown in the small nurseries. 



The sites of the four larger nurseries are typical of as many dififerent 

 growth conditions. The Asaph Nursery is in a narrow valley in the 

 glacial section of the north tier. Climatic conditions are most severe. 

 Killing frosts have occurred in every month and the growing season is 

 normally very short. Soil conditions are very variable throughout the 

 nursery, as the soil is largely wash. The Clearfield Nursery is on the 

 plateau, with a northern exposure, at an elevation of 2,200 feet. The 

 soil is a loamy sand with an acid reaction. The nursery is subject to 

 strong west and northwest winds. The Greenwood Nursery is situated 

 on the northern slope of one of the central Pennsylvania mountains at 

 an elevation of 1,200 feet. The soil has been formed through the dis- 

 integration of the Clinton shale and is very shallow. The Mont Alto 

 Nursery is situated at the western base of one of the South mountains 

 at an elevation of 900 feet. The soil is a heavy clay. It follows, natu- 

 rally, that methods differ considerably under the diverse conditions and 

 that generalizations are hard to make. 



Little coniferous seed is gathered in the State. Most of the hard- 

 wood seed used is gathered by the State Foresters in the locality where 

 it is most abundant. Native white pine is gathered when possible. 

 Undoubtedly too little attention is paid to the source of our seed of 

 European species. Especially is this true since the war began. It has 

 been impossible to learn anything about such seed. It is very probable, 

 judging from the germination tests, that such seed represents left-overs 



