NOTES 839 



Class U 



Ties Which May Be Used Untreaated 

 Groups 



UA — Black locust, white oak, black walnut. 

 UB — Heart pine, heart Douglas fir. 

 UC — Heart cedar, heart cypress, redwood. 

 UD — Catalpa, chestnut, red mulberry, sassafras. 



Class T 

 Ties Which Should Be Treated 

 TA — Ashes, hickories, honey locust, red oaks. 



TB — Sap cedars, sap cypress, sap Douglas fir, hemlocks, larches, sap pines. 

 TC — Beech, birches, cherry, gums, hard maples. 

 TD — Elms, hackberry, soft maples, spruce, sycamore, white walnut. 



Shipment. — Ties shall be separated in the car according to the above groups 

 and sizes as far as practicable. 

 Approved: Washington, D. C, June ii, 1918. 



(Sgd.) John Skelton Williams, 



Director of Finance and Purchases. 

 C. R. Gray, 



Director of Operation. 



These specifications resulted from the work of regional committees 

 which held meetings throughout the country and formulated recom- 

 mendations. This is the first tie specification, embracing ideas of 

 engineers and ties trade, and by radical reduction in number of grades 

 and standardization of all tie production is expected to have a marked 

 stabilizing influence on business. 



Formerly on eastern roads hardwood ties of grades three, four and 

 five were bought at one price. Under this specification proportional 

 prices will prevail on various sizes, to the benefit of tie-producers. 

 Specification is in the interest of conservation also, providing for all 

 sizes so as to eliminate waste. 



Growth of Western White Pine and Associated Species in 

 Northern Idaho 



During the summer of 1912 a great many sample plots were laid 

 out on and in the vicinity of the Experimental Forest at Priest River 

 Forest Experiment Station in Northern Idaho. The purpose of this 

 work was to obtain data on growth and yield of western white pine in 

 general and for this region in particular. 



In the fall of 1910 five of the plots which were thought fairly repre- 



