PliKIODICAL IJTICRATUKK 937 



Of the two groups of bats, Vespertilio and \'esperugo, the latter are 

 more suitable on account of their life habits. .\ description of these 

 habits and points of distinction are given, as well as advice how to pro- 

 ceed in making this new assistant in combating insects available. 



Cabaues () Chaiiies-soiiris. Revue des Eaux et Forets, June, T91X. \^^. i_'i-i26. 



In the elegant form and painstaking manner 

 5*017 which we are accustomed to see in the publica- 



Detrimental tions of the Swedish Experiment Station, Dr. 

 to Mcsselman reports on his investigation into the 



Regeneration difficulties of the regeneration of Scotch pine in 

 the Norrland "pine heaths." The most northern 

 timber forest in Sweden is not, as one would expect, a spruce forest, 

 but an open pine forest, resembling somewhat in its open character our 

 southern pineries, but in drier and rocky condition. The author has 

 observed and reported before on the fact that in these forests regener- 

 ation is unusually slow and poorly developed, and he tries to find rea- 

 sons for this phenomenon. He has made sure that it is not a question 

 of water supply. In his former investigation he had ruled out the influ- 

 ence of the cover of lichen (reindeer moss), but since then has found 

 that under certain conditions and in certain regions, although the forest 

 is quite open, all regeneration, thrifty as well as unthrifty, is lacking 

 over large areas, undoubtedly due to the interference of the dense lichen 

 cover. In these cases, even after the lichen has been removed, the half 

 humified lichen cover which remains prevents the seeds from germinat- 

 ing and getting contact with the mineral soil, so that first mixing of the 

 soil and cover becomes necessary to permit the establishment of pine. 



It was suggested that pressure of snow crust had an influence upon 

 the development of the young regeneration, hut after careful observa- 

 tion this was proved not to he the case. It was observed that there 

 were at least three conditions under which young regeneration has 

 established itself and grown, namely, in the neighborhood of and under 

 old standing trees, in the neighborhood of fallen stems and tops, and in 

 the more open, treeless areas, which can remain treeless a long lime, 

 but which gradually grow to pine. Strangely enough, the l)est develop- 

 ment, as far as numbers and thrift is concerned, was found tuuler -the 

 immediate influence of standing trees. TIu- next best (l(\el(>i)nunt was 

 found under fallen trees and tops, and the openings were- poorest, lx)th 

 as to numbers and develoj)ment. Countings, nieasuremeiUs. and chem- 

 ical analysis of soil cover l)rought the conclusion that, while light con- 



