938 JOURNAL OF I'ORKSTRY 



ditions in these openings were favorable, the openings had a humus 

 cover mainly derived from the lichens (reindeer moss), in which de- 

 composition of the organic nitrogen compounds goes on very slowly ; 

 nitrification does not go on, humus nitrogen is not at all, or only with 

 difficulty, to be made available. Under old tops and along decaying 

 fallen trees, as well as under trees standing in the open with much 

 crown, the humus cover has a more favorable composition. The nitro- 

 gen of this humus is nitrifiable, but under old tops this nitrification is 

 slow or entirely arrested. Moreover, the plants in the open spots are 

 more liable to insects and parasitic fungi, while under tops and older 

 trees they are somewhat protected against these calamities. Hence in 

 these conditions small groups of young pine establish themselves satis- 

 factorily. The author then concludes that the character of the humus 

 is responsible for the varying conditions of the regeneration. From 

 the practical point of view, to be sure, the propriety of assisting regen- 

 eration in these regions by improved nitrogen supply, which could be 

 accomplished by manuring with peat, might not be found practicable. 



Studier over de Norrldndska Tallhedanias Foryngringsvillkor — //. Medde- 

 landen Fran Statens Skogsforsoksanstalt, 1917, pp. 1121-1286. 



MENSURATION, FINANCE. AND MANAGEMENT 



Perhaps the first attempt on a large scale to 

 Control determine the error of strip survey was made in 



of Sweden and is reported by Hesselman, head of 



Strip the Swedish Forest Experiment Station. 



Survey Sweden, with 52 per cent of its area forest 



covered, amounting to over 50 million acres, is. 

 perhaps, one of the best wooded countries in the world. The question 

 is whether the woods are overcut, and what the amount of standing 

 timber and the rate of increment might be. In order to approach this 

 problem, a close strip survey was made in one of the provinces, Vaerm- 

 land, a territory of nearly 5 million acres. The northern part of the 

 province is mostly forest, while the southern part is mixed forest and 

 farmland, so that there are two types of country involved: one, char- 

 acteristic of the whole of north Sweden, a forest country ; the other, 

 mixed, and characteristic of middle and south Sweden. 



The strips were laid out in such manner as to cut across the mountain 

 ranges. In the northern part they were 4 km. ; in the southern part 2 

 km. apart and 10 m. broad, so that from .25 to .50 per cent of the whole 

 territory was involved, the wliole area estimated amounting to some- 



