I'KKIODICAL LITER ATIRI'. ^41 



UTILIZATION, MARKET, AND TECHNOLOGY 



Mme. Karen-Uranson has devised a method of 



Litter manufacturing paper from dead leaves by mon- 



for ture ( ?) and macerating. In discussing this ma- 



Paper terial as a means to meet the paper shortage, it 



was stated before the Academic des Sciences that 



in France the annual leaf fall — hardwood foliage only can be used — 



amounts to between 35 and 40 million tons, while for all the paper 



needs of France 4 million tons would suffice, furnishing at the same 



time 2 million tons of by-products. The process is simple, rapid, and 



cheap; the leaves are crushed and the result is separated into two 



parts — fibers and powder — the latter furnishing a combustible. The 



reviewer, in objecting to this threat to use the forest litter, quotes 



Jacquot as having determined that a fire burning up the litter causes a 



damage of about $5 per acre; and mentions a chestnut stand in Alsace 



which furnishes about $8 annually in litter — more than the wood 



product. 



Revue des Eaux et Forets, July, 1918, p. 152. 



In a paper delivered before the Fourth National 

 Alcohol Exposition of Chemical Engineers in September, 



from 1918. G H. Tomlinson urges the practicability of 



Wood Waste the utilization of wood waste for the production 

 of ethyl alcohol. The actual cost of the large 

 alcohol plant of the Standard .Mcohol Company at FuUerton, La., is 

 stated to have been, up to the date of June, 19I3, approximately $457,- 

 000. Of this sum, about $200,000 represents the outlay for apparatus 

 for the hydrolysis of the hogged wood waste into fermentable sugars 

 or "molasses," the remainder representing the cost of fermenting and 

 distilling ajjparatus for the recovery of the alcohol. This jilant (June. 

 1913) has a capacity of 370 tons of green- wood waste per day. The 

 cost of producing a sugar solution containing 10.3 per cent of ferment- 

 able sugars during a 22-(lay test run averaged 31.8 cents per hundred 

 gallons. Concentration of this solution to a molasses c()ntaii\ing eight 

 times as nuich sugar increased the cost of production to 3 cents per 

 gallon. vSugar-cane molasses on fermentation will yield ethyl alcohol 

 practically gallon for gallon, while the wood-waste "molasses" will 

 yield only 0.39 gallon of proof spirit \)cv gallon. Due to the much lower 

 cost of the wood-waste "nu)lasst'S." however, a hatidsonu- profit -secni^ 



