September 2, 1869. ] 



JOURNAL OF HOETICDLTURE AND COTTAGE GABDENBB. 



189 



Ivy), free, close-Rrowinp, larpe handsome foliage ; canarlensis varie- 

 gata, slightly variegated, free growth, close habit ; canariensis aureo- 

 macTilata, golden variegation in blotches, not very constant ; canarl- 

 ensis latifolia macnlata (marmorata), gold-clonded, but often green ; 

 Helix (English Ivy), fine, large, green leaves ; Helix aureo-maculata, 

 golden variegation, but not constant ; Helix cbrysocarisa, yellow- 

 berried ; Helix variegata (foliis argenteis), silver variegation, and very- 

 fine for buildings required to appear antiijue ; digitata, fine for rustic 

 work of all kinds ; taurica, small, much-divided leaves, neat and dis- 

 tinct : Ripgneriana, large, deep-green, heart-shaped leaves, forming a 

 beautiful covering for a wall. 



All the Ivies are evergreen, and invaluable for covering walls 

 with north or east aspects, old and dead trees, &c., and to form 

 a green carpet beneath trees, and in shady places where nothing 

 else will grow. Ivy may also be employed to give architec- 

 tural effect. Light, well-drained soil is the most suitable, but 

 it will succeed almost in any soil and situation. Propagation 

 is best effected by cuttings or slips put in at the end of sum- 

 mer in a north border, and kept moist. When quick growth is 

 wanted, rich light soil and liberal waterings in dry weather 

 should be afforded. To have Ivies in their greatest perfection, 

 they require east or north aspects. 



HoLBOLLiA (Stauntonta) lattfolla. — Evergreen, having fragrant 

 green flowers in spring. It requires a south wall, with protection in 

 severe weather, and peat and sandy loam. Increased by cuttings of the 

 half -ripened young shoots in sand nnder a bell-glass, in a gentle 

 heat. 



jASjrrxTM officinale (White Sweet Jasmine). — Deciduous ; valued 

 on account of its white sweet-scented fiowers. The variety grandi- 

 floram only differs from it in having larger flowers. Jasminum oih- 

 cinale foliis anreis has golden-variegated leaves. There is a kind 

 with white variation, but very scarce, and a double variety, which I 

 believe is not in cultivation. It is remarkable that a bud of the 

 variegated .Jasmine taking on the common or green, will frequently 

 cause the whole of the plant to become variegated. To thrive well, 

 these varieties require south-east, south, or south-west aspects, not 

 succeeding on trellises in the open ground. The flowers are produced 

 in Jnly. 



J. FRtjTiCANS. — Deciduous. Flowers yellow; only suitable for low 

 walls. Jnly. 



J. NTTDlFLORUil. — Decidnous. Yellow flowers, produced in mid- 

 winter. It is so hardy, that in Yorkshire. .500 feet above the sea level, 

 it grows vigorously, and blooms most profusely on a nortu wall in 

 January. It attains a height of 1.5 feet, perhaps more, and is a rapid 

 grower. It is very well adapted for forcing or the greenhouse, aud 

 succeeds on any aspect out of doors. The flowers are produced before 

 the leaves. It ought to have a place in every garden. 



J. REVOLUTU.M. — Evergreen. Flowers yellow, in June. It is only 

 suitable for south aspects aud warm situations, and should have pro- 

 tection in severe weather. 



The Jasmines are propagated by cuttings of the shoots after 

 these become firm, inserted under a hand-glass in sandy soil ; 

 also by suckers and layers in autumn. Good, rich, light soil, 

 with a little leaf mould or peat, is the most suitable. 



La&dizabala biternata. — Evergreen, of rapid growth, and having 

 porple flowers. It requires a south wall, or warm situation. It 

 flowers in winter, and in severe weather needs protection. Soil, sanoy 

 loam and peat. Propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened young 

 shoots under a bell-glass in gentle heat. 



Lycitjm barbaru-m. — Deciduous. Flowers violet, in June. 1'2 feet. 

 L. ETjROP.ErM. — Deciduous. Flowers lilac, in June, followed by yellow 

 fmit. L. AFRUM. — Deciduous. Violet flowers, in June, succeeded by 

 pretty fruit, of which birds are very fond. 



The Lyciums are suitable for walls, trellises, or arbours, being 

 of a free, rambling, half-shrubby nature. They are propagated 

 by cuttings of the ripened shoots in autumn or spring, in a 

 frame or under a hand-glass. 



Menispermum canadesse. — Deciduous twiner. Flowers green and 

 yellow. June. Suitable for trellises. Cuttings in spring under a 

 hand-glass, division of the roots, and seeds sown in spring. Sandy 

 rich loam. 



MnrisiA decurrexs. — Deep orange-coloured flowers, in autumn. 

 Hardy, but of its other qualities I have no experience, though I think 

 it will prove one of the finest hardy climbers, and an evergreen, being 

 BO in a young state. 



Passu-loba c.erulea.— The only hardy Passion-flower, and it re- 

 quires a south wall, and in cold localities protection in severe weather. 

 Flowers bine and white. Cuttings of the young wood a little ripened, 

 inserted in sand under a bell-glass in gentle heat. Peat and loam 

 form the most suitable soil. 



Periploca gr.i;ca. — A deciduous twiner of rapid growth, and 

 quickly covering an arbonr or wall. The flowers are brown, aud ap- 

 pear in July. Cuttings in summer nnder a hand-glass, or layers in 

 autumn. 



Vms viNiFERA aphfolia. — Leaves crumpled or Parsley-like; its 

 only merit. 



Vms HETEROPHYELA VARIEGATA. — White and red variegation on 

 a green ground, pretty. The Vitises are suitable for south walla or 

 trellises in warm situations. Light rich soil. Cuttings of the ripe 

 wood, or eyes, in a mild hotbed early in spring. 



Wistaria (GLYcraE) sinensis. — Deciduous, and of free growth; 

 foliage light brownish green ; flowers light purplish blue, in clusters 

 not unlike bunches of Grapes. A south aspect is most suitable, though 

 it will succeed on east and west walls and other warm situations. 

 It is increased by cuttings of the young shoots when their wood 

 is becoming firm, inserted in sand under a hand-glass or in a frame. 

 Layers, however, form the best mode of propagation. If a young 

 well-ripened shoot, the longer the better, layered its full length ia 

 autumn, almost every eye will form a plant or shoot, which will be 

 well rijiened and rooted by the following autumn. The variety alba 

 has white flowers. 



All climbers should be so trained whilst young that the lower 

 part of the wall or trellis will first be covered, training the 

 shoots out straight and with regularity, and stopping or cutting 

 back, so as to furnish shoots to cover the wall regularly and 

 closely. The shoots, as they advance, must be tied or nailed- 

 up, not so thickly as to crowd and cross each other, but so that 

 each may have a proper share of light, air, and room to grow 

 in. They must, therefore, be thinned-out where too close 

 together, and in tying or nailing allow space for the farther 

 thickening of the shoot. 



Pruning should be performed at two seasons—namely, in 

 summer and in winter. The summer pruning will in most 

 cises be confined to the regulation of the shoots, thinning them 

 out where too close together, and shortening them whsre too 

 long. While shoots of some length should be laid-in, there 

 will be far too many for such a purpose, and if they are cut off, 

 the main shoots or branches will be rendered bare ; if not 

 required for extension, all but the flowering shoots may be 

 shortened to within a few leaves of their base. The flowering 

 shoots, of course, should be preserved. Wistarias and the like 

 may be closely spurred-in ; but the Bignonias, as they produce 

 their flowers on the long shoots, should not be pinched back 

 at the summer pruning, though they may be closely pruned 

 before growth commences in spring. The best method is to 

 secure the covering of the wall, then train-in the shoots where 

 practicable, and if not, to shorten them so as to form an 

 even surface. The winter pruning may be performed early in 

 autumn in the case of the deciduous and hardier kinds, when 

 the leaves have fallen ; or, it the climbers are tender, defer 

 pruning until spring. It must be limited to cutting out the old 

 wood, training young in its place, and cutting back the other 

 shoots to within an inch of their base— that is, those not 

 required for extension or covering the wall. 



Evergreens will be best pruned in spring before they begin 

 to grow, if much pruning be needed, so that fresh shoots may 

 be produced early, and become well ripened before autumn, or 

 pruning may be performed after flowering. Ivy is, perhaps, 

 the only climber that can be pruned with the shears. Tne 

 best time to clip it is April ; the surface will then be quite 

 green again in a few weeks, and any irregular growths may b« 

 trimmed off in August with a knife. — G. Abbey. 



SUDDEN CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE. 



There has been a change of temperature at Blantyre, N.B , 

 from 83° on Saturday, August 28th, at midday in the shad< , 

 to 23° on the morning of Monday, August 30th, turning Pota- 

 toes black, and giving the gardens an appearance of approach- 

 ing winter. "Wiltshire Rector," writing from near Chip- 

 penham, quotes the temperatures on the same days as 85° 

 and 55°. 



Mr. Quintin Read, Pleasley Vale, Mansfield, states that on 

 the morning of August Slst the temperature " was 4° below- 

 freezing. In the kitchen garden Vegetable Marrows, Gourdf, 

 Kidney Beans, and Potatoes have been destroyed, and in tho 

 flower garden PeriUa nankinensis, Coleus Verschaffelti, Helio- 

 tropes, Dahlias, and Salvias. The Cloth of Gold Pelargoniam 

 and Golden Feather Pyrethrum have been much disfigured. 

 Zonal Pelargoniums (except Maid of Kent and Excellent), tnd 

 other bedding plants, appear to have withstood the frost wiLu- 

 out being much injured." 



Mr. Kerr, writing from Netherby, Cumberland, says, " After 

 a week of very warm weather, the thermometer standing at 80" 

 in the shade on Friday and Saturday, the wind veered to north 

 by east, and on the morning of August 30th the thermometer 

 registered 3° of frost. Dahlias, Perilla, Dwarf Kidney Bean?, 

 Vegetable Marrows, &c., have suffered considerably. On tie 



