50 THE JOURNAL OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



tacle. In both sub-groups reduction occurs in the female sepals, one 

 of which may be reduced to a mere bristle or be absent altogether. 

 This reduction, which is found also in other groups, is clearly correlat- 

 ed with the compression of the flowers in the head, for it is the 

 medial, ad-axial, sepal which is reduced in each case. 



To this group belong (a) E. Geoffreyi sp. nov. (fig. 2), E. Collettii 

 Hook, f., E. barba-caprae sp. nov., E. gregatum Koern., E. nepalense 

 Presc, E. Pumilio Hook, f., E. truncatum Ham., E. Trimeni Hook, f., 

 and E. Duthiei Hook f . ; (b) E. xeranihemwi Mart., E. luzulae folium 

 Mart., E. Thivaitesii Koern., E. achiton Koern., E. quinquangulare 

 L., E. roseum sp. nov., E. trilobum Ham., E. collinum Hook, f., E. 

 Diana sp. nov., and E. Sedgwickii sp. nov. 



II. SETACEUM. Submerged plants with elongate stems and 

 linear leaves. The heads and flowers are small, but as in I. To this 

 belong E, setaceum Linn. (not of F.B.I.) and E. intermedium 

 Koern. (incl. E. setaceum of F. B. I.) 



III. HIRSUTAE. Whole plant hairy, otherwise as in lb. To 

 this belong E. Brownianum Mart. (incl. E. nilagirense Steud.), E. 

 robust obroivnianum Ruhl, E. graeile Mart., E. Bhodae sp. nov., E. 

 Wightianum Mart, (incl. E. Helferi Hook f.) and E. lanceolatum Miq. 



IV. ANISOPETALAE. One male petal much enlarged and 

 projecting beyond so as to hide the floral bracts (fig. 4), otherwise as 

 in lb. To this belong E. odor at urn Dalx., E. longicuspis Hook, f., (incl. 

 E. polycephalum Hook, f.,) E. atratum Koern., E. ceylanicum Koern. 

 (incl. E. subcaulescens Hook, f.), E. caulescens Steud. (incl. E. robust um 

 Hook, f.) and E. cristatum Mart. 



V. SCARIOS/E. Involucral and floral bracts glabrous and 

 scarious, otherwise as in lb. To this belong E. oryzetorum Mart., 

 E. Hamiltonianum Mart., and E. Ediuardii sp. nov. 



VI. CRISTATO-SEPALAE. Female sepals strongly boat shap- 

 ed, and crested or swollen along the keeli ; otherwise as in I. 

 E. Margaretae sp. nov., E. Eleanorae sp. nov., E. minutum Hook, f., E. 

 stellulatum Koern., E. echinulatimi Mart., E. cuspidatum Dalz., E. 

 sexangulare L. (incl. E. longifolium Nees.) and E. Thomasi sp. nov. 

 The last three species having thick rather than crested keels should 

 possibly be separated into another group, but only an examination of 

 species of other countries could determine this. The group appears 

 to have its centre in north South America. Considerable reduction in 

 sepals and petals occurs (figs. 5, 6, 7). 



VII. CONNATO-SEPALAE. The female sepals are connected 

 into a spathe like calyx, like the male of other groups. E. alpestre Hook, 

 f. (fig. 8). A small group apparently confined to China, Japan and the 

 Tibetan Himalayas, and quite distinct from any other Indian species. 



