68 THE JOURNAL OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



on the margin of the leaf. They are numerous and longer on'the axis 

 than on the leaf (fig. 26). In Cleome brachycarpa there are a few 

 multicellular glandular hairs with a spiny curved apex (fig. 20), 



Structure of the Axis 



Epidermis consists of small cells with outer and inner walls 

 thickened. Lateral walls are also thickened in Cleome papillosa and 

 Cadaba indica. Epidermis is two-layered in Gynandropsis pentaphylla. 

 Outer walls are superficially granulated in species of Cleome. 

 Epidermis of Capparis decidua consists of vertically elongated small 

 cells with outer walls greatly thickened and cuticularised. Epidermis 

 of Capparis decidua is characterised by numerous small pits which in 

 I. S. are bounded laterally by two ordinary epidermal cells and 

 beneath by a curved cell. Viewed from the surface the pits resemble 

 small square holes bounded by 4-5 cells. These pits may possess the 

 function of stomata without any regulating apparatus. The axis of 

 Cleome brachycarpa and Cleome viscosa is ribbed, the ribs being 

 strengthened by collenchyma. In Cleome brachycarpa there are some 

 large cells intercalated among the small epidermal cells of the ribs 

 with perhaps partly a water-absorbing and partly a strengthening 

 function. 



The stomata are surrounded by 4-6 ordinary epidermal cells as 

 seen in surface view. The front cavity is placed in a depression 

 produced by the outer thickened epidermal walls. The guard-cells 

 are in the plane of the surrounding cells. Stomata are replaced by 

 pits in Capparis decidua, as described already. 



Primary cortex is characterised by an assimilatory tissue com- 

 posed of chlorenchyma, except in Capparis decidua where it is 

 replaced by the palisade tissue. In Capparis decidua there are 

 sclereids in a ring below the assimilatory tissue. The sclereids have 

 thickened and radially striated walls and are characterised by pitted 

 markings. 



The pericycle is represented by groups of stone-cells, either thin 

 and long as in Cleome brachycarpa and Cleome papillosa, or triangular 

 as in Cleome viscosa or rhomboidal as in other species. 



The structure of the wood can be seen from the following 

 table, (p. 71.) 



The soft bast forms a continuous ring as in Cleome brachycarpa, 

 Cadaba indica and Gynandropsis pentaphylla, or forms groups as in 

 other members. 



The pith is either composed of thin-walled cells as in Cleome 

 brachycarpa, Cleome viscosa and Gynandropsis pentaphylla, or of 

 thick-walled cells, as in other species. 



