. .. 



THE 



journal of Indian Bofanp. 



Vol. I. JANUARY, 1920. No. 5. 



DISTRIBUTION OF LIVERWORTS IN THE 

 WESTERN HIMALAYAS 



BY 



S. E. Kashyat*, 



Professor of Botany, Government College, Lahore* 



A few months ago the writer had an occasion to visit the eastern 

 part of the Chandrabhaga valley, the Lingti plain beyond the Inner 

 Himalayas, and the Beas valley, where collections of Liverworts were 

 made. These collections along with others made in various other 

 parts of the Western Himalayas by the writer during the last few 

 years afford sufficient data for a survey of the general distribution of 

 Liverworts in this region which it is proposed to discuss in this paper. 

 A number of species from various parts of the Western Himalayas has 

 already been published by the writer in the New Phytologist, 1913 

 and 1914, aud the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 

 1916 and 1917. 



Geographical. 



By " Western Himalayas " is to be understood that part of the 

 Himalayan range which extends from the Baralacha pass on the east 

 to the Indus in Gilgit on the west. On the Baralacha pass are the sour- 

 ces of the Chandrabhaga on the southern side while on the northern and 

 eastern sides are the feeders of the Indus and the Sutlej respectively. 

 About this place also the main Himalayan chain gives rise to a branch, 

 the Middle Himalayas, a continuation more or less of the main axis, 

 and running to the west parallel to the above-mentioned range 

 towards its south. The Middle Himalayan range gives rise, near its 

 beginning, to a high ridge, the Bara Bangahal range, running at right 

 angles to it towards the south, which forms the watershed between 

 the Beas on the east and the Ravi on tho west. From the Bara 



