LIVERWORTS IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS. 157 



Madotheca ovalis Gottsch. Near Kilar bridge, Pangi. 



M. sp. Along with the above. 



Badula sp. Along with the above. 



Arachniopsis sp. Below Gurdhar pass, about 13,000 ft. 



Lophozia sp. Along with the above. 



The number of individuals is very small and specimens are met 

 with only at long intervals. Going down the Chandrabhaga to Padar 

 and Kashtwar the Liverwort flora becomes decidedly poorer and hardly 

 any specimens are seen for miles. Going up the Chenab no Liver- 

 worts are met with above Jispa, about 11,000 ft. 



As stated before no Liverworts occur boyond the Baralacha pass 

 in the country visited. It is probable that none occur in the whole 

 of Ladak. 



No. of species in the different localities — 

 Mussoorio Kulu Simla Dalhousie Ravi Valley Chenab Valley Lingti Plain 

 42 24 28 11 28 20 



Rererences to Literature 

 For many geographical and climatic data the writer is indebced 

 to the Gazetteers of Chamba, Kulu and Mandi, and the Gazetteer of 

 India. Some of the figures about temperature and rainfall were 

 obtained from the Meteorological Observatory, Lihore. The area of 

 which the writer has first-hand knowledge has been indicated in the 

 paper. All the species mentioned have been collected by the wiiter 

 himself. Descriptions of these will be found in Stephani's Species 

 hepaticarWn and the following papers by the writer : — 



1. Morphological and biological notes on new and little-known 

 went Himalayan Liverworts I, II and III. New Phytologist, 1913 

 and 1914. 



2. Liverworts of the Western Himalayas and the Punjab. I and 

 II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 191G and 1917. 



1743—21 



