324 THE JOURNAL OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



Plate XXI 



Fig. 14. Overgrazed thorn scrub area north of Allahabad, show- 

 ing untouched Justlcia adhatoda and pruned Capparis scpiaria. The 

 soil is bare and strewn with calcium carbonate nodules (kankar). 

 The principal rainy season herbaceous vegetation is Aristida adscensci- 

 onis. April 13, 1919. 



Fig. 15. Closely grazed thorn scrub stage near Allahabad. It is 

 protected from cutting and the Acacia arabica and Zizyphus jujuba 

 have developed into a fair forest. January 30, 1920. (This forest 

 was cut off about March 1, 1920). 



Fig. 16. Climatic climax monsoon deciduous forest at Ghansore, 

 Central India. The trees are Sterculia icrens Kobx. ,* Dalbergia panic- 

 ulata Kobx., Anogeissus la-tifolia, Tectona grandis, Semecarpus ana- 

 cardium L , Bosiucllia serrata Kobx., and Hymenodictyon excelswn 

 Wall. The entire area is closely grazed. Such a forest as this would 

 be expected to develop over much of the Upper Gangetic Plain follow- 

 ing elimination of the intense human factors. January 18, 1920. 



