82 THE JOURNAL OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



by Muller in the new edition of Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-flora (3). 

 It has four projections of the surrounding cells passing into the central 

 space while the greater part of this space is quite empty. It differs 

 also from the var. aquatica in that the central dark band on the 

 dorsal surface has pores on it whereas according to Evans they are 

 absent in this region. 



It is curious to note that Stephani (4) describes a Porella (P. 

 ovalis) from Nubra from the collections of Hooker and Thomson. 

 A Liverwort answering to the description of this species as given by 

 Stephani has been found by the writer in abundance in the Chenab 

 valley but I would not have expected a foliose form in Ladak. Even 

 thallose forms which are distinctly xerophilous are rare as I have 

 already said. 



Kashmir Valley. 



The valley of Kashmir gave a surprise. From his previous visits 



the writer had an impression that Kashmir was not very rich in 



liverworts but now it can be definitely stated that the number of 



species and individuals is far less in Kashmir in comparison to the 



eastern part of the Western Himalayas. The following species were 



collected : — An undescribed epiphytic species of Porella in the Sind 



valley below Sonamarg ; a slightly different form of this species was 



collected at Verinag ; Marahantla nepalensis, Fegatella conica and 



Pellia calycina were all met with in the rooms round the spring at 



Verinag. Fimbriaria reticulata was found by the writer on a former 



occasion in the same part of the country, It will be seen therfore 



that the number is very small, and even if we add to this the species 



described from Kashmir by other writers the number would still 



be quite small. On account of the great abundance of water one 



would have expected a much larger number of liverworts both 



as regards individuals and species. It is clear therefore that the 



general principle stated by the writer that the number of liverworts 



falls in going from the east to the west horizontally holds good for 



Kashmir also. 



Jammu State. 



More forms were met with on the way from the Banihal pass to 

 Jummuo. The following is the list :■ — 



Banihal village : — Riccia sanguinea, Beboulia hemispherica, Pellia 

 calycina, Marchantia nepalensis and a Porella were met with a little 

 lower down. 



Rainsu (a little below the village) : — Plagiochasma appendiculatum. 

 Patni pass (the richest place) : — 'Marchantia nepalensis, Beboulia 

 hemispherica, Plagiochasma appendiculatum, Athalamia jnnguis, Fim- 



