10 April, 1916. J 



Insect Pests. 



215 



little caterpillar escapes out of its eggshell, it crawls over the annle 

 and when it has reached the eye, it has finished the first stage of its 

 journey. During the first ^veek or ten days after the apple blossoms 

 have fallen, the separate parts surrounding the eye of the apple remain 

 pointing outwards, but later on close up to some extent over the eye. 

 The statement that the majority of grubs go in at the eye has frequently 

 been challenged, but it is nevertheless correct. 



The grubs, when fully grown, leave the fruit, and this is done in 

 two ways: the majority lower themselves to the ground, if the fruit 

 has not fallen ; others crawl out of the apple on to the branches. Those 



that fall to the ground re- 

 ascend the tree trunk, and 

 make their way under the first 

 shelter they come to — often 

 under the bark of the apple 

 trees; here they spin cocoons; 

 they then change to the pupae, 

 and finally the moths emerge 

 in the hot weather. There 

 are supposed to be three 

 broods of this moth, viz. : — 

 (1) The over, wintered or 

 spring brood ; (2) the Decem- 

 ber, or Christmas brood ; and 

 (3) the summer, or February 

 brood. Spraying should be 

 done every few weeks during 

 the season when the moths 

 are present. By a judicious 

 use of arsenate of lead, it is 

 no uncommon thing to get a 

 return of 90 per cent, clean 

 fruit. Spraying, to be suc- 

 cessful, must be done properly. 

 As fine a mist as possible must 

 be thrown out, so that it may 

 penetrate well into the calyx 

 of the fruit. Bandages, made 

 of hessian, should be placed 

 round the trees to trap the 

 caterpillars, but these must be 

 removed from time to time, 

 and the gi'ubs and chrysalids found therein killed by boiling water. 

 All loose bark should be removed from the trees. 



Fig, 3. — Light Brown Apple Moth 

 (Cacaecia responsina). 



Thf: Light-Brown Apple Moth. 

 Persons growing flowers, vegetables, and fruit trees have often 

 noticed, especially during the summer months, greenish caterpillars 

 curled up in rose leaves and buds of carnations, dahlias, and chrysan- 

 themums, in fact, in nearly every kind of garden flower. These cater- 

 pillars, when fully grown are about 1 inch in length. They are active, 

 and have a habit of dropping to the ground by a silken thread, and 

 hiding in crevices when disturbed. The moth is yellowish-brown, with 



