10 May. 1910.1 Orchard and Garden Notes. 317 



attacked by this scale may be recognised by the yellowish-white, irregular 

 patches of scale insects. The conditions in the greenhouse usually 

 permit this insect to breed continuously, .so that there is no demarcation 

 of broods. Adult females, half-grown individuals, and crawling young 

 can usually be found at almost any time. This pest is an introduction 

 from Europe, where its attacks on garden plants are very severe. In 

 some gardens this scale is destroyed by small wasps. During the last 

 few years, the red oil sprays have been used for scale insects of all 

 kinds, and the results have been most satisfactory. For deciduous fruit 

 trees, apples, pears, &c., in winter, when buds are dormant, spray 

 with red oil, 1 in 20 ; or in spring, when the buds are bursting, use 1 in 30. 

 For ornamental trees and plants, spray in winter, when buds are 

 dormant, 1 in 20. For palms, for scale insects, spray during spring 

 or autumn. Plants growing outdoor, 1 in 30; in the greenhouse, spray 

 on bright d;iy with this sprav, 1 in 40. Lime and sulphur is also used 

 ;i8 a winter spray for scale insects. 



(To he continued.) 



ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. 



K. E. rpi^volf, F.L.S., Principal, School of TJorticuItnre, Burnley. 



The Orchard. 



CuLTIVAJTION. 



Cullivation work should be well on the way by this time. The 

 ploughiiig should be advanced, so as to leave plenty of time for other 

 orchard work. The autumn ploughing may be as rough as possible, 

 taking care to ))lough to the trees, so that the drainage furrow is left 

 between the rows. 



Manuring. 



Tt is just possible, where heavy crops have been carried, that a top 

 diessing of stable manure will l>e required to add humus to the soil. 

 The fertility of the soil must be maintained ; and, althougli stable and 

 chemical manures as a general rule are of undoubted value as tree stimu- 

 lants, well-cultivated and thoroughly tilled land will always carry fair 

 crops, and with far less manure than otherwise. Also, if the orchard 

 land is well and thoroughly drained, cultivated, and sub-soiled, any 

 manures tliat are used will be far more beneficial to the trees. Tlie 

 more suitable c-onditions tliat are given to the trees, tlie better they can 

 appreciate and assimilate their food. 



Perhaps the most useful and valualile of manures is stable manure. 

 It is of great use, not only as a manure and as an introducer of neces- 

 .sary bacteria inhi flic s^iil, l)Ut its value in adtling iiuinus to the soil is 



