580 Journal of Agriculture. Victoria. [10 Oct., 1916. 



Fig. 2 is a stock worked similarly to Fig. 1, tlie starter (a) to (c) 

 ibeing ISTorthern Spy, but the scion (a) to (h) Winter Majetin, and 

 when in the nursery row (d) represents the ground level. The starter 

 made a stronger growth than in Fig. 1, but as almost invariably happens, 

 in the case of the "Winter Majetin, no roots were thrown out from (/) 

 or the other nodes on the scion. This is also the case when the Majttin 

 is worked on its own starter. 



It will be observed that when a stock has to depend solely upon the 

 starter to produce the root system of the tree, such root system is less 

 perfect than when roots are given out by the scion also. The develop- 

 ment of the strong root (e) indicates the influence of the scion upon 

 the starter in this respect. The Majetin on its own starter usually ■ 

 produces a similar result. 



Stocks Produced from Layers. 



Plate 17, Fig. 3, is a stock cut (a) from the parent Northern Spy 

 layer. To produce these stocks a I^orthern Spy tree is planted, and 

 when a few years old a trench, about 8 inches deep, is dug in line with it, 

 and the tree is bent down into the trench, and covered in with the earth. 

 Trenches about 10 inches deep and running parallel to the layer, on 

 both sides, about 15 inches away from it, are dug to insure perfect 

 drainage. 



During the first year after this treatment of the layer, young shoots 

 are thrown up from the nodes. These shoots give out roots at the 

 node (d) as well as from the others beneath the surface level (b). 



As a rule these stocks are removed from the layer during early spring 

 and planted out in rows, to the same depth (h) as when on the layer, 

 and cut (e) to allow bud (c) to produce the shoot on which the desired 

 variety may be either budded or grafted as explained in connexion 

 with Fig. 1. 



During the year following the removal of the first stocks from the 

 layer, the young shoots are produced at the points at Avhich the first 

 stocks were cut off. This process, continued during succeeding years, 

 causes the development of extensive stools from which great numbers 

 of stocks are obtained. 



Budding. 



In order to secure a high percentage of successfully budded stocks it 

 is desirable that the budding operation in each case should be carefully 

 executed. The conditions governing the sap flow in the stocks during 

 the months of January and February are, as a rule, more conducive to 

 successful budding than those existing at any other time. 



The sketches in Plate 18 depict method of budding. Fig. 1 (a) is a 

 portion of yearling wood, of the variety selected for propagation, and 

 from which the buds are secured. ISTeither the buds near the base side, nor 

 yet near the terminal, are chosen. The leaf is first cut off as indicated (g). 

 Then the budding knife is drawn from (e) to (/), and the bud, with a 

 thin strip of wood about 5 inch in length, to which it is attached, care- 



