10 Oct.. 1916.] 



AppTe Culture in Victoria. 



585 



to the same depth at which they grew in the nursery, and were lifted 

 again after the vegetative period and photographed. The growth made 

 hy the roots and branches is shown in Plate 22. It will be observed 

 that the portion of strong root retained again developed into a foot 

 (Fig. 1 (a)') at the expense of the other roots, while Figs. 2 and 3 

 made strong, evenly balanced, root systems. 



Regulating the Branch System. 



It frequently hai)pens that when the young whip-growths, Jonathan 

 particularly, Plate 22, Fig. 1, are cut for the first time a stronger and 

 more vertical growth is sent out from the uppermost bud (h) than from 

 the other two buds below it. When this growth reached the point (c) 

 the terminal bud was pinched out. This treatment had a stunting effect 

 upon the leader, and a greater quantity of sap was thrown into the one 

 inmiediatelv below it. 



Plate 21.— Young Trees Cut to Desired Height. 



This one then made a stronger growth in consequence, and Avhen 

 it reached the point {d) its terminal bud was removed. By that time 

 the three small growths above (/) were produced, and their terminal 

 buds (t) and (;") were also removed. 



Through treating the two stronger leaders in this manner the lower 

 one, which was at first thrown out at a rather open angle, gradually 

 became stronger and assumed a more upright position (</) to (/^) and 

 became still more vertical from (/i) to the terminal point. 



Fig. 2, Granny Smith, is one of those which produces, naturally, 

 leaders of more equal strength than the Jonathan and others. At the 

 end of February, however, the two uppermost leaders, on the crown, 

 were longer and stronger than the lower one. To remedy this defect 



