10 Nov., 1916.] 



Apple Culture in Victoria. 



659 



lu planting small trees the removal of the planting board, to ]>ermit 

 of the holes being dug, may be obviated by employing two 2-in. cleats, 

 as sliown. By this means the board is raised 2 inches above the surface 



level, when the 

 holes may be dug 

 and the trees 

 planted without 

 hindrance. 



Method of 

 Dkjoing holes. 

 In digging holes 

 for trees on land 

 with tenacious re- 

 tentive clay sub- 

 soil, the original 

 formation of which 

 has not been al- 

 tered by subsoiling, 

 and particularly 

 where sub-drainage 

 has not been 

 carried out, care 

 should be taken 

 not to penetrate 

 the subsoil to the 

 extent of forming 



Plate 30. Jonathan with Four Leaders Unpruned and Pruned. 



a pan or water catchment, as sliown in IMate Wl, Fig. 1. When a tree 

 is placed in a hole of this kind, and more espe<'ially if it l)e ])lanted too 

 deep, the surplus watcM- in the soil, as indicated Ijy the arrows, drains 

 into the hole and lodges there, creating unfavorable conditions frotn 

 which trees frecpiently suffer and often die. 



