10 Nov., 1916.] 



I /;y//r Culture in Victorid. 



665 



When the resultant shoots from the (a) cut are pruned again the 

 following year at (b), twelve leaders will be obtained. The number may- 

 be increased to twenty-four by cutting at (c) the succeeeding year. 

 When the requisite number of leaders are obtained, the (d) cut should 

 be made to an outward or inward bud, according to the angle to the 

 vertical desired. Or the cut may be made to a bud on either side, in 

 order to regulate the leader spacing. 



Plate 36 gives side elevation of the tree. One leader is retained to 

 show its angle to the vertical and the lateral growths. 



Generally speaking, the angle of 40 degrees from the vertical is a 

 suitable one for the leaders. But it is often the experience of pruners 

 to find great difficulty in producing an open centre when dealing with 



30 



Side Elevaiion 



Plate 36.— Side Elevation of Modern Type of Tree. 



strong trees with upright habit of growth. When pruning the weaker- 

 growing varieties, the leaders should be kept somewhat more erect, 

 because, when trees of this class bear heavy crops of fruit, the branches 

 bend down, and when relieved of the fruit "they are rarely able to regain 

 their previous positions. 



The four increasing quarter circles represent tlie corresponding 

 quadrants in Plate 35, but tliey are drawn from the vertical to the 

 horizontal to show the aide elevation. It will be seen that progressive 

 leader duplication results from the cutting at (a), (b). and (c), respec- 

 tively. But when cut at (d), the single leader is maintained. Should 

 the leader incline below the desired angle, in this case 40 degrees, it 

 may be raised by cutting to the inner bud (f). But when the leader is 



