FOREST TERMINOLOGY 73 



Caliper, n. An instrument for measuring diameter of trees or logs. It consists 

 usually of a graduated beam, at right angles to which are attached one fixed and 

 one sliding arm. See also Biltmore stick and Tree compass. 

 G., Kluppe. F., compas forestier. 

 Caliper, v. To measure diameters. 



G., Kluppieren. F., mesurer le contour. 

 Canopy. See Crown cover. 



Capital. This factor of production in the forestry business is variously figured 

 according to what parts of the investment are referred to and what basis of valua- 

 tion is applied. 



Fixed capital refers to such kinds of capital as are not used up in production, 

 like the soil. 



Working or Operating capital refers to money capital needed to supply current 

 expenses in operating a forest. 



Soil capital refers to the value of the soil figured in various ways. 

 Stock capital refers to the value represented by the wood material of all stands 

 comprising a forest or working unit. 



Forest capital refers to soil capital and stock capital combined. 

 Base capital may be used following the precedent of Pressler in his index percent 

 for the combined soil and working capital. 



These capitals may be based upon various kinds of values, and to secure a 

 definite meaning, the term must be qualified by the method, by which its value 

 was determined. See Value. 

 Chance. A term in common local use, more or less synonymous with Logging 



unit, which see. Not favored as a term in forest management. 

 Circumference tape. See Diameter tape. 



Clean-boled. Being free or cleared of branches. Used to designate timber with 

 a satisfactory length of clear bole. 



G., Astrein. F., depourvu de branches. 

 Clean cutting. See Reproduction, methods of. 

 Cleaning. See Intermediate fellings. 



Clear and Clearing. 1. Clearing in common parlance, an area from which all or 

 nearly all forest growth has been removed. 



2. The process of removing all of a mature crop or stand at one operation. 

 G., Schlagraumung. F., vidange. 



3. The natural loss of branches through withdrawal of light. 

 Syn.: self -pruning. 



G., Asterinigung. F., elagage naturel. 

 Clear length. That portion of the stem of a tree free from limbs from the ground 



to the lowest branch or branch stub. 

 Climax type. See Forest type. 

 Closed. See Crown density. 

 Co-dominant. See Crown class. 

 Compartment. See Subdivision. 



Compartment system. {Obs.) See Reproduction methods, Shelterwood. 

 Composite forest. 1. A forest in which both seedlings and sprouts are used in 



reproduction. The seedling growth forming the over-wood or standards; the 



sprout growth, the underwood. 



