FOREST TERMINOLOGY 81 



For«station. The establishment of forest naturally or artificially upon areas where 

 it is at present absent or insufficient. If distinction is desired, ''afforestation'' 

 may be used to designate the planting of open ground, ''reforestation" to designate 

 previous wooded condition. 



Forester, n. 1. One who is trained to practice forestry as a profession. 

 G., Forstmann. P., forestier. 

 2. A title or designation of position. 



Forestry. The science and art of managing forests in continuity for forest purposes, 

 i.e., for wood suppUes and forest influences. 



G., Forstwirtschaft, Forstwesen, Forstwissenschaft. F., science forestiere, 

 foresterie. 



The main branches of forestry are Forest poHcy, Silviculture, Forest economy 

 or Forest management (g. v.) (including Forest mensuration, organization 

 or regulation, administration and finance). Forest protection and Forest 

 utilization. 



Form class. Classification of trees according to taper, from very tapering to full- 

 boled (for use with Schiffel's form quotient.) 



Form constant. The numerical difference between the form quotient and the form 

 factor (C = Q— F). The form constant remains practically the same for a given 

 species, no matter of what height or diameter. 



Form factor. The form factor of a tree is the ratio between its volume and that of a 

 geometric solid, usually a cylinder, having the same diameter and height. The 

 volume of the solid (or cylinder) is taken as a tmit, "1," the volume of the tree or 

 trees is expressed as a decimal. Form factors are classified according to the point 

 of diameter measurement (base, d. b. h., top), the portion of the tree included (tree- 

 stem, merchantable portion, etc.), the geometrical figure used as a basis of com- 

 parison (cylinder, cone, frustum), the unit of measure used (cubic foot, foot 

 B. M.), and may refer to single trees or stands. In this classification eleven 

 qualifications have been so far considered. Common usage implies breasthigh 

 measurement, cylindrical comparison, cubic foot unit and single stems. The 

 term A bsolute form factor is used if the base diameter is measured at the base of 

 the tree; Normal form factor, if the measurement is made at a varying height 

 which bears a constant ratio to the total height of the tree. 

 G., Formzahl. F., coefficient de forme. 



Form height. 1. The product of height and form factor, tabulated for convenience 

 of calculating cubic contents of trees or stands. 

 G., Formh6he, Richth6he. 



Form quotient. The quotient of the breasthigh diameter of a tree into the diameter 

 measured at any height above the d. b. h., usually at M, H, or ^of the height of 

 the tree. 



Freeing (setting free). See Intermediate (disengagement and liberation) cutting. 



Fully stocked. The condition of a stand containing as many trees or material as it 

 normally can for the species, site, and age. See Stock, Overstocked. 



Full-boled. As applied to the trvmk of a tree, approaching the cylindrical form. 

 See Form class. 



G., voUholzig. F., i fut soutenu. 



Gradation of age classes. See Age class. 



Grading. In description, mensuration, and utilization the process of differentiating 

 the crop into assortments (q. v.) or classes of material. 



