82 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Ground cover. A term used in forest description to designate all herbaceous plants 

 growing in a forest; such as ferns, mosses, grasses, and weeds. 

 G., Bodendecke. F., couverture du sol. 

 Group method. See Reproduction method. 

 Growing stock. See Stock. 

 Growth. See Increment. 

 Growth table. A tabular statement showing the growth data of individual trees or 



stands. See Increment. 

 Habit. The general form or arrangement of stem, roots, and branches, or of the 



entire tree, possessed in common by a species in a given habitat. 

 Heel in, v. To store young trees prior to planting by placing them against the side 



of a trench and covering the roots with earth. 

 Height class. One of the arbitrary divisions of the trees of a stand on the basis of 

 height. The division is usually by intervals of 10 feet. 

 G., Hohenklasse. -F., classe de hauteur. 

 Height measure. See Hypsometer. 

 High forest. A forest originating from seed. 

 Syn.: timber forest. 



G., Hochwald; Samenwald. F., futaie, haute futaie. 

 Hole method. See under Forest planting. 



Hold-over. A tree reserved from harvest to grow through a second rotation. See 

 Reserve. 



G., Ueberhalter. F., reserve. 

 Humus, n. That portion of the forest floor (g. v.) in which decomposition of the 

 litter is so far advanced that its original form is not distinguishable. Humus in a 

 condition favorable to forest growth is said to be mild, neutral, or sweet. Humus 

 harmful to forest growth, owing to the presence of humic or similar acids or col- 

 loids produced by decomposition under excess of moisture and lack of air, is said 

 to be sour. Humus incompletely decomposed is called raw humus. 

 G. and F., Humus. 

 Hypsometer. An instrument for measuring heights, especially of trees. 

 Improvement felling. See under Intermediate cuttings. 



Income. In forest finance, the gross income represents money returns from which 

 no expenses have been deducted; net income results by deducting all actual ex- 

 penses charged in book account, including interest on borrowed capital, but not 

 the calculated interest on investment, which enters in determining profit. 

 G., Geldertrag, Einkiinfe, Erlos. F., revenu. 



G., Rohertrag, Rohgeldertrag, Brutto Geldertrag, Erlos im Ganzen, Gesamt- 

 geldein nahmen. 



Final income, returns from final harvest. 

 G., Haubarkeitsertrag, Abtriebsertrag. 

 Intermediate income, returns from stands not yet mature. 

 G., Nebennutzungs-, Zwischennutzungs-, Vornutzungs-ertrag, -geldertrag. 

 Income rotation. See Rotation. 

 Income table. See Yield table. 

 Increment. Syn.: accretion. 



The increase in diameter, sectional, basal area, height, volume, quality or 

 value of a tree or stand. If distinction between the two terms is desired, accretion 

 should be reserved for directly measurable, increment for calculated increases. 



