90 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



G., Kesselhieb, Locherhieb. F., coupes par trouees. 



3. Seed tree method. Removal of the entire stand at one cut, but leaving a 

 small number of seed trees singly or in small groups, to be eventually removed. 

 If the seed trees are held over for another rotation, this may be called Reserve tree 

 method. 



G., Ueberhaltbetrieb. F., traitement en futaie avec reserve sur coupe definitive. 



4. Selection method. That method of cutting in which single trees, usually the 

 largest, or small groups of such trees, are removed and reproduction secured under 

 the remaining stand and in the openings. When groups of trees are taken, it is 

 termed Group selection method. A special form of the selection method is termed 

 Selection border felling or strip selection (G., Blendersaumschlag) when selection 

 fellings are made in narrow strips, in most instances beginning on the north border 

 and progressing southward, followed by clear cutting when young growth is fairly 

 estabhshed with the expectation of additional marginal seeding. The resulting 

 forest is uneven-aged in narrow Unes. 



G., Plenterbetrieb, Femelbetrieb. F., jardinage, regime de la futaie jardinee. 



5. Shelterwood method. A method of securing natural reproduction under the 

 temporary shelter of the seed tree crown cover, by means of a series of cuttings 

 throughout the stand, aimed to admit a gradually increasing supply of light to the 

 seedlings. The principle of the method lies in the protection (shelter) which the 

 seed trees (nurse trees) afford the young growth during its youth. The number and 

 severity of the cuttings and hence the duration of the entire removal period, de- 

 pends upon the rate of establishment and the need of light by the young growth. 



G., Schirmschlagbetrieb (Gayer and Lorey), in part Femelschlagbetrieb (Lorey). 

 F., regime de la futaie reguliere. 



In theory the series of cuttings is divided into four parts as follows: 



Preparatory cuttings or fellings fit the stand for its reproduction (regeneration) 

 by the removal of dead, dying, or defective trees and undesirable species, and 

 prepares the ground for the seedbed and encourages seed production. A stand in 

 which one or more preparatory cuttings have been made is in the preparatory stage. 



G., Vorbereitungschlag. F., coupe preparatoire. 



Seed cutting or felling. A further opening of the stand, before seeding takes 

 place, to secure the amount of light which the expected seedlings will require. A 

 stand in which one or more seed cuttings have been made is in the seeding stage. 



G., Besamungsschlag. F., coupe d'ensemencement. 



Removal cuttings or fellings gradually remove the mature stand, which would 

 otherwise retard the development of the young trees. A stand in which one or 

 more removal cuttings have been made is in the removal stage. 



G., Lichtschlag. F., coupe claire. 



The final cutting or felling is the last of the removal cuttings, in which all of the 

 old stand still remaining is cut. (G., Abtriebsschlag, Endhieb. F., coupe defini- 

 tive.) In practice a two cut shelterwood method may be used, including the 

 seed cutting and final cutting stages. The shelterwood method may be applied 

 to a stand in narrow strips, from the leeward side, at such intervals that reproduc- 

 tion cuttings are generally going on in three strips at one time, one strip being in 

 the removal stage, one in the seeding stage, and one in the preparatory stage. 

 This manner of application is termed Shelterwood strip method. 



Another modification of the shelterwood method of reproduction is that in 



